| Summary: | Background: To report the characteristics of preterm infants treated for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and to establish the factors associated with nonregression of ROP. Methods: This cross-sectional study where data were collected retrospectively was carried out at a tertiary eye care center in Pune, India, from December 1, 2017, to November 30, 2019. All infants who were treated for severe ROP (either laser therapy or combination of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and laser) and had completed 3-month follow-up were included in the study. Nonregression was defined as a persistent plus disease/active new vessels, progression to tractional disease after 3 weeks of completion of treatment, or poor structural outcome (tractional retinal detachment) within 3 months of treatment. Data were assessed at 3 months to look for treatment outcome and reasons for nonregression. Association between risk factors and nonregression of ROP was analyzed using statistical tests. Results: Of the 210 eyes (105 infants) which were treated, 95 eyes (45.23%) had aggressive posterior ROP (APROP). Nonregression was documented in 12/210 (5.7%) eyes. At 3 months, ten eyes developed tractional retinal detachment whereas two eyes developed vitreous hemorrhage. Eleven of the 12 eyes had APROP (P = 0.0014). Ocular risk factors, systemic risk factors, and delayed institution of treatment were associated with nonregression in about a third of eyes (33.3%) each. Conclusion: Most nonregressing ROP cases are APROP in western India.
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