Spectroscopic techniques for elucidation of structural changes in temperate cowpea cultivars under germination: A useful tool for quality determination and industrial application
The present study investigated the molecular changes induced by germination in cowpea cultivars by spectroscopic techniques. The ATR FT-IR, Intrinsic fluorescence, and UV spectroscopic techniques revealed that germination shows alteration in cowpea cultivars. The ATR-FTIR showed slight differences i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Applied Food Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502222002013 |
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| author | Sajad Ahmad Sofi Khalid Muzaffar Asmat Farooq Shafiya Rafiq Darakshan Majid Hilal Ahmad Makroo Shabir Ahmad Mir Amin Mousavi Khaneghah Francisco J. Barba B.N. Dar |
| author_facet | Sajad Ahmad Sofi Khalid Muzaffar Asmat Farooq Shafiya Rafiq Darakshan Majid Hilal Ahmad Makroo Shabir Ahmad Mir Amin Mousavi Khaneghah Francisco J. Barba B.N. Dar |
| author_sort | Sajad Ahmad Sofi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study investigated the molecular changes induced by germination in cowpea cultivars by spectroscopic techniques. The ATR FT-IR, Intrinsic fluorescence, and UV spectroscopic techniques revealed that germination shows alteration in cowpea cultivars. The ATR-FTIR showed slight differences in band intensities corresponding to carbohydrates, lipids, and protein regions at 700 to 4000 cm-1 wavenumbers. Starch order structure understanding their functionality showed a reduction of short-range ordered structures in Black cowpea flour and long ordered starch fraction in White cowpea flour under germination. The study quantified the degree of ordered starch and their alteration in amorphous/crystallinity nature concerning germination and cowpea cultivars. The secondary structures revealed a reduction of β-sheets and α-helix content, representing decreased ordered protein structures and their shifting into random coils and turn structures. The germinated flours showed decreased fluorescence intensities with the shift from 347 to 348, reflecting the redshifts due to decreased concentrations of fluorescent compounds during germination in cowpea flour. UV spectrum revealed a similar spectrum with an increase in absorption of cowpea flour under germination. The electrophoresis showed variations in the intensities of high (25 to 225 kDa) and low (19 to 10 kDa) molecular weight proteins in germinated cowpea cultivars than the native one. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of ATR-FTIR, fluorescence and UV-based spectroscopy as non-destructive techniques to assess the alteration of pulses at the molecular level and structural changes under the germination process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:27:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c76dbc1c04b146b7a9230d9f40c8b37d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2772-5022 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:27:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Food Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-c76dbc1c04b146b7a9230d9f40c8b37d2023-06-15T04:57:35ZengElsevierApplied Food Research2772-50222023-06-0131100246Spectroscopic techniques for elucidation of structural changes in temperate cowpea cultivars under germination: A useful tool for quality determination and industrial applicationSajad Ahmad Sofi0Khalid Muzaffar1Asmat Farooq2Shafiya Rafiq3Darakshan Majid4Hilal Ahmad Makroo5Shabir Ahmad Mir6Amin Mousavi Khaneghah7Francisco J. Barba8B.N. Dar9Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology Kashmir, 192122, IndiaDepartment of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology Kashmir, 192122, IndiaDivision of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology –Chatha, Jammu 190025, IndiaDepartment of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology Kashmir, 192122, IndiaDepartment of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology Kashmir, 192122, IndiaDepartment of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology Kashmir, 192122, IndiaDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Govt. Degree College for Woman, Srinagar 190001, IndiaDepartment of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka St., 02-532, Warsaw, Poland; Corresponding authors.Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain; Corresponding authors.Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology Kashmir, 192122, India; Corresponding authors.The present study investigated the molecular changes induced by germination in cowpea cultivars by spectroscopic techniques. The ATR FT-IR, Intrinsic fluorescence, and UV spectroscopic techniques revealed that germination shows alteration in cowpea cultivars. The ATR-FTIR showed slight differences in band intensities corresponding to carbohydrates, lipids, and protein regions at 700 to 4000 cm-1 wavenumbers. Starch order structure understanding their functionality showed a reduction of short-range ordered structures in Black cowpea flour and long ordered starch fraction in White cowpea flour under germination. The study quantified the degree of ordered starch and their alteration in amorphous/crystallinity nature concerning germination and cowpea cultivars. The secondary structures revealed a reduction of β-sheets and α-helix content, representing decreased ordered protein structures and their shifting into random coils and turn structures. The germinated flours showed decreased fluorescence intensities with the shift from 347 to 348, reflecting the redshifts due to decreased concentrations of fluorescent compounds during germination in cowpea flour. UV spectrum revealed a similar spectrum with an increase in absorption of cowpea flour under germination. The electrophoresis showed variations in the intensities of high (25 to 225 kDa) and low (19 to 10 kDa) molecular weight proteins in germinated cowpea cultivars than the native one. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of ATR-FTIR, fluorescence and UV-based spectroscopy as non-destructive techniques to assess the alteration of pulses at the molecular level and structural changes under the germination process.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502222002013CowpeaFluorescenceGerminationProtein StructureSpectroscopy |
| spellingShingle | Sajad Ahmad Sofi Khalid Muzaffar Asmat Farooq Shafiya Rafiq Darakshan Majid Hilal Ahmad Makroo Shabir Ahmad Mir Amin Mousavi Khaneghah Francisco J. Barba B.N. Dar Spectroscopic techniques for elucidation of structural changes in temperate cowpea cultivars under germination: A useful tool for quality determination and industrial application Applied Food Research Cowpea Fluorescence Germination Protein Structure Spectroscopy |
| title | Spectroscopic techniques for elucidation of structural changes in temperate cowpea cultivars under germination: A useful tool for quality determination and industrial application |
| title_full | Spectroscopic techniques for elucidation of structural changes in temperate cowpea cultivars under germination: A useful tool for quality determination and industrial application |
| title_fullStr | Spectroscopic techniques for elucidation of structural changes in temperate cowpea cultivars under germination: A useful tool for quality determination and industrial application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spectroscopic techniques for elucidation of structural changes in temperate cowpea cultivars under germination: A useful tool for quality determination and industrial application |
| title_short | Spectroscopic techniques for elucidation of structural changes in temperate cowpea cultivars under germination: A useful tool for quality determination and industrial application |
| title_sort | spectroscopic techniques for elucidation of structural changes in temperate cowpea cultivars under germination a useful tool for quality determination and industrial application |
| topic | Cowpea Fluorescence Germination Protein Structure Spectroscopy |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502222002013 |
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