Plant Growth Promotion by Two Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From the Fungus Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF1
Microbial volatiles have beneficial roles in the agricultural ecological system, enhancing plant growth and inducing systemic resistance against plant pathogens without being hazardous to the environment. The interactions of plant and fungal volatiles have been extensively studied, but there is limi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.794349/full |
| _version_ | 1818571211340251136 |
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| author | Lingmin Jiang Myoung Hui Lee Cha Young Kim Suk Weon Kim Pyoung Il Kim Sung Ran Min Jiyoung Lee |
| author_facet | Lingmin Jiang Myoung Hui Lee Cha Young Kim Suk Weon Kim Pyoung Il Kim Sung Ran Min Jiyoung Lee |
| author_sort | Lingmin Jiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microbial volatiles have beneficial roles in the agricultural ecological system, enhancing plant growth and inducing systemic resistance against plant pathogens without being hazardous to the environment. The interactions of plant and fungal volatiles have been extensively studied, but there is limited research specifically elucidating the effects of distinct volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on plant growth promotion. The current study was conducted to investigate the impact of VOCs from Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF1 on plant growth, and to elucidate the mechanisms for the plant growth-promoting (PGP) activity of these VOCs. The VOCs from C. halotolerans NGPF1 significantly promoted plant growth compared with the control, and this PGP activity of the VOCs was culture medium-dependent. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) identified two VOC structures with profiles that differed depending on the culture medium. The two compounds that were only produced in potato dextrose (PD) medium were identified as 2-methyl-butanal and 3-methyl-butanal, and both modulated plant growth promotion and root system development. The PGP effects of the identified synthetic compounds were analyzed individually and in blends using N. benthamiana plants. A blend of the two VOCs enhanced growth promotion and root system development compared with the individual compounds. Furthermore, real-time PCR revealed markedly increased expression of genes involved in auxin, expansin, and gibberellin biosynthesis and metabolism in plant leaves exposed to the two volatile blends, while cytokinin and ethylene expression levels were decreased or similar in comparison with the control. These findings demonstrate that naturally occurring fungal VOCs can induce plant growth promotion and provide new insights into the mechanism of PGP activity. The application of stimulatory volatiles for growth enhancement could be used in the agricultural industry to increase crop yield. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T13:52:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c7714791b05944a2a365cce948b1d4c2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T13:52:49Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-c7714791b05944a2a365cce948b1d4c22022-12-21T22:58:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2021-12-011210.3389/fpls.2021.794349794349Plant Growth Promotion by Two Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From the Fungus Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF1Lingmin Jiang0Myoung Hui Lee1Cha Young Kim2Suk Weon Kim3Pyoung Il Kim4Sung Ran Min5Jiyoung Lee6Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, South KoreaWheat Research team, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South KoreaBiological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, South KoreaBiological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, South KoreaCenter for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms (CIALM), Jeongeup, South KoreaPlant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South KoreaBiological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, South KoreaMicrobial volatiles have beneficial roles in the agricultural ecological system, enhancing plant growth and inducing systemic resistance against plant pathogens without being hazardous to the environment. The interactions of plant and fungal volatiles have been extensively studied, but there is limited research specifically elucidating the effects of distinct volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on plant growth promotion. The current study was conducted to investigate the impact of VOCs from Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF1 on plant growth, and to elucidate the mechanisms for the plant growth-promoting (PGP) activity of these VOCs. The VOCs from C. halotolerans NGPF1 significantly promoted plant growth compared with the control, and this PGP activity of the VOCs was culture medium-dependent. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) identified two VOC structures with profiles that differed depending on the culture medium. The two compounds that were only produced in potato dextrose (PD) medium were identified as 2-methyl-butanal and 3-methyl-butanal, and both modulated plant growth promotion and root system development. The PGP effects of the identified synthetic compounds were analyzed individually and in blends using N. benthamiana plants. A blend of the two VOCs enhanced growth promotion and root system development compared with the individual compounds. Furthermore, real-time PCR revealed markedly increased expression of genes involved in auxin, expansin, and gibberellin biosynthesis and metabolism in plant leaves exposed to the two volatile blends, while cytokinin and ethylene expression levels were decreased or similar in comparison with the control. These findings demonstrate that naturally occurring fungal VOCs can induce plant growth promotion and provide new insights into the mechanism of PGP activity. The application of stimulatory volatiles for growth enhancement could be used in the agricultural industry to increase crop yield.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.794349/fullvolatile organic compoundsCladosporium sp. strainplant growth promotion2-methyl-butanal3-methyl-butanal |
| spellingShingle | Lingmin Jiang Myoung Hui Lee Cha Young Kim Suk Weon Kim Pyoung Il Kim Sung Ran Min Jiyoung Lee Plant Growth Promotion by Two Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From the Fungus Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF1 Frontiers in Plant Science volatile organic compounds Cladosporium sp. strain plant growth promotion 2-methyl-butanal 3-methyl-butanal |
| title | Plant Growth Promotion by Two Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From the Fungus Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF1 |
| title_full | Plant Growth Promotion by Two Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From the Fungus Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF1 |
| title_fullStr | Plant Growth Promotion by Two Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From the Fungus Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF1 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plant Growth Promotion by Two Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From the Fungus Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF1 |
| title_short | Plant Growth Promotion by Two Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted From the Fungus Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF1 |
| title_sort | plant growth promotion by two volatile organic compounds emitted from the fungus cladosporium halotolerans ngpf1 |
| topic | volatile organic compounds Cladosporium sp. strain plant growth promotion 2-methyl-butanal 3-methyl-butanal |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.794349/full |
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