Phytochemical Profile of the Ethanol Extract of <i>Malvaviscus arboreus</i> Red Flower and Investigation of the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activities
Flowers are rich sources of bioactive antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer components. This study aimed to determine the constituents of the ethanol extract of <i>Malvaviscus arboreus</i> red flower (ERF) by GC-MS analysis and HPLC identification of phenolic compounds and flavonoid...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/11/1652 |
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| author | Hanaa S. S. Gazwi Nagwa A. Shoeib Magda E. Mahmoud Osama I. A. Soltan Moaz M. Hamed Amany E. Ragab |
| author_facet | Hanaa S. S. Gazwi Nagwa A. Shoeib Magda E. Mahmoud Osama I. A. Soltan Moaz M. Hamed Amany E. Ragab |
| author_sort | Hanaa S. S. Gazwi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flowers are rich sources of bioactive antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer components. This study aimed to determine the constituents of the ethanol extract of <i>Malvaviscus arboreus</i> red flower (ERF) by GC-MS analysis and HPLC identification of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, in addition to the <sup>1</sup>HNMR fingerprint. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of the ERF were investigated. The GC-MS analysis revealed twenty-one components, while HPLC analysis revealed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The ERF showed antifungal and antibacterial activity. The highest antibacterial activity was found against <i>Vibrio damsela</i> where a time-kill assay revealed a decline in the amount of viable <i>V. damsela</i>. For fungi, the highest activity was observed against <i>Aspergillus terreus</i>. Using the SRB test on HepG2, the anti-proliferative efficacy of the ERF was evaluated. Cell cycle analysis was utilized to determine autophagic cell death. The ERF prevented the proliferation of the HepG2 cell line with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 67.182 µg/µL. The extract primarily promoted apoptosis in HepG2 cells by accumulating hypodiploid cells in the sub-G0/G1 phase, increased caspase 3/7 activity, and caused considerable autophagic cell death in apoptosis-deficient cells. Finally, the observed elevation of cancer cell death indicated that ERF had substantial anticancer potential against HepG2 cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:31:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c774443620fb453588f1827dd3a7da77 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:31:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-c774443620fb453588f1827dd3a7da772023-11-24T07:31:18ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822022-11-011111165210.3390/antibiotics11111652Phytochemical Profile of the Ethanol Extract of <i>Malvaviscus arboreus</i> Red Flower and Investigation of the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic ActivitiesHanaa S. S. Gazwi0Nagwa A. Shoeib1Magda E. Mahmoud2Osama I. A. Soltan3Moaz M. Hamed4Amany E. Ragab5Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya 61519, EgyptDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31257, EgyptDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya 61519, EgyptDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, EgyptMarine Microbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo 11562, EgyptDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31257, EgyptFlowers are rich sources of bioactive antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer components. This study aimed to determine the constituents of the ethanol extract of <i>Malvaviscus arboreus</i> red flower (ERF) by GC-MS analysis and HPLC identification of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, in addition to the <sup>1</sup>HNMR fingerprint. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of the ERF were investigated. The GC-MS analysis revealed twenty-one components, while HPLC analysis revealed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The ERF showed antifungal and antibacterial activity. The highest antibacterial activity was found against <i>Vibrio damsela</i> where a time-kill assay revealed a decline in the amount of viable <i>V. damsela</i>. For fungi, the highest activity was observed against <i>Aspergillus terreus</i>. Using the SRB test on HepG2, the anti-proliferative efficacy of the ERF was evaluated. Cell cycle analysis was utilized to determine autophagic cell death. The ERF prevented the proliferation of the HepG2 cell line with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 67.182 µg/µL. The extract primarily promoted apoptosis in HepG2 cells by accumulating hypodiploid cells in the sub-G0/G1 phase, increased caspase 3/7 activity, and caused considerable autophagic cell death in apoptosis-deficient cells. Finally, the observed elevation of cancer cell death indicated that ERF had substantial anticancer potential against HepG2 cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/11/1652<i>Malvaviscus arboreus</i>GC-MSHPLCantimicrobialantioxidantHepG2 |
| spellingShingle | Hanaa S. S. Gazwi Nagwa A. Shoeib Magda E. Mahmoud Osama I. A. Soltan Moaz M. Hamed Amany E. Ragab Phytochemical Profile of the Ethanol Extract of <i>Malvaviscus arboreus</i> Red Flower and Investigation of the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activities Antibiotics <i>Malvaviscus arboreus</i> GC-MS HPLC antimicrobial antioxidant HepG2 |
| title | Phytochemical Profile of the Ethanol Extract of <i>Malvaviscus arboreus</i> Red Flower and Investigation of the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activities |
| title_full | Phytochemical Profile of the Ethanol Extract of <i>Malvaviscus arboreus</i> Red Flower and Investigation of the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activities |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemical Profile of the Ethanol Extract of <i>Malvaviscus arboreus</i> Red Flower and Investigation of the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical Profile of the Ethanol Extract of <i>Malvaviscus arboreus</i> Red Flower and Investigation of the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activities |
| title_short | Phytochemical Profile of the Ethanol Extract of <i>Malvaviscus arboreus</i> Red Flower and Investigation of the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activities |
| title_sort | phytochemical profile of the ethanol extract of i malvaviscus arboreus i red flower and investigation of the antioxidant antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities |
| topic | <i>Malvaviscus arboreus</i> GC-MS HPLC antimicrobial antioxidant HepG2 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/11/1652 |
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