Modelling of the Electron Density and Total Electron Content in the Quiet and Solar X-ray Flare Perturbed Ionospheric D-Region Based on Remote Sensing by VLF/LF Signals
Many analyses of the perturbed ionospheric D-region and its influence on the propagation of ground-based and satellite signals are based on data obtained in ionospheric remote sensing by very low/low frequency (VLF/LF) signals. One of the most significant causes of errors in these analyses is the la...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/54 |
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| author | Aleksandra Nina |
| author_facet | Aleksandra Nina |
| author_sort | Aleksandra Nina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Many analyses of the perturbed ionospheric D-region and its influence on the propagation of ground-based and satellite signals are based on data obtained in ionospheric remote sensing by very low/low frequency (VLF/LF) signals. One of the most significant causes of errors in these analyses is the lack of data related to the analysed area and time period preceding the considered perturbation. In this paper, we examine the influence of the estimation of the quiet ionosphere parameters on the determination of the electron density (<i>N<sub>e</sub></i>) and total electron content in the D-region (TEC<sub>D</sub>) during the influence of a solar X-ray flare. We present a new procedure in which parameters describing the quiet ionosphere are calculated based on observations of the analysed area by a VLF/LF signal at the observed time. The developed procedure is an upgrade of the quiet ionospheric D-region (QIonDR) model that allows for a more precise analysis of the D-region intensively perturbed by a solar X-ray flare. The presented procedure is applied to data obtained in ionospheric remote sensing by the DHO signal emitted in Germany and received in Serbia during 30 solar X-ray flares. We give analytical expressions for the dependencies of the analysed parameters on the X-ray flux maximum at the times of the X-ray flux maximum and the most intense D-region perturbation. The results show that the obtained <i>N<sub>e</sub></i> and TEC<sub>D</sub> are larger than in the cases when the usual constant values of the quiet ionosphere parameters are used. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:24:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c779c29168384ece9c154824c29cba2a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:24:25Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-c779c29168384ece9c154824c29cba2a2023-11-23T12:12:23ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922021-12-011415410.3390/rs14010054Modelling of the Electron Density and Total Electron Content in the Quiet and Solar X-ray Flare Perturbed Ionospheric D-Region Based on Remote Sensing by VLF/LF SignalsAleksandra Nina0Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, SerbiaMany analyses of the perturbed ionospheric D-region and its influence on the propagation of ground-based and satellite signals are based on data obtained in ionospheric remote sensing by very low/low frequency (VLF/LF) signals. One of the most significant causes of errors in these analyses is the lack of data related to the analysed area and time period preceding the considered perturbation. In this paper, we examine the influence of the estimation of the quiet ionosphere parameters on the determination of the electron density (<i>N<sub>e</sub></i>) and total electron content in the D-region (TEC<sub>D</sub>) during the influence of a solar X-ray flare. We present a new procedure in which parameters describing the quiet ionosphere are calculated based on observations of the analysed area by a VLF/LF signal at the observed time. The developed procedure is an upgrade of the quiet ionospheric D-region (QIonDR) model that allows for a more precise analysis of the D-region intensively perturbed by a solar X-ray flare. The presented procedure is applied to data obtained in ionospheric remote sensing by the DHO signal emitted in Germany and received in Serbia during 30 solar X-ray flares. We give analytical expressions for the dependencies of the analysed parameters on the X-ray flux maximum at the times of the X-ray flux maximum and the most intense D-region perturbation. The results show that the obtained <i>N<sub>e</sub></i> and TEC<sub>D</sub> are larger than in the cases when the usual constant values of the quiet ionosphere parameters are used.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/54VLF/LF signalsremote sensingionospheric D-regionelectron densitytotal electron contentsolar X-ray flares |
| spellingShingle | Aleksandra Nina Modelling of the Electron Density and Total Electron Content in the Quiet and Solar X-ray Flare Perturbed Ionospheric D-Region Based on Remote Sensing by VLF/LF Signals Remote Sensing VLF/LF signals remote sensing ionospheric D-region electron density total electron content solar X-ray flares |
| title | Modelling of the Electron Density and Total Electron Content in the Quiet and Solar X-ray Flare Perturbed Ionospheric D-Region Based on Remote Sensing by VLF/LF Signals |
| title_full | Modelling of the Electron Density and Total Electron Content in the Quiet and Solar X-ray Flare Perturbed Ionospheric D-Region Based on Remote Sensing by VLF/LF Signals |
| title_fullStr | Modelling of the Electron Density and Total Electron Content in the Quiet and Solar X-ray Flare Perturbed Ionospheric D-Region Based on Remote Sensing by VLF/LF Signals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modelling of the Electron Density and Total Electron Content in the Quiet and Solar X-ray Flare Perturbed Ionospheric D-Region Based on Remote Sensing by VLF/LF Signals |
| title_short | Modelling of the Electron Density and Total Electron Content in the Quiet and Solar X-ray Flare Perturbed Ionospheric D-Region Based on Remote Sensing by VLF/LF Signals |
| title_sort | modelling of the electron density and total electron content in the quiet and solar x ray flare perturbed ionospheric d region based on remote sensing by vlf lf signals |
| topic | VLF/LF signals remote sensing ionospheric D-region electron density total electron content solar X-ray flares |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/54 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aleksandranina modellingoftheelectrondensityandtotalelectroncontentinthequietandsolarxrayflareperturbedionosphericdregionbasedonremotesensingbyvlflfsignals |