Testing Thymol-Based DES for the Elimination of 11 Textile Dyes from Water
Textile industries release dangerous wastewater that contain dyes into the environment. Due to their toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic nature, they must be removed before the discharge. Liquid–liquid extraction has proven to be an efficient method for the removal of these dyes. As extractants, deep...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| author | Lorena Villar Óscar Martínez-Rico Andrés Asla Ángeles Domínguez Begoña González |
| author_facet | Lorena Villar Óscar Martínez-Rico Andrés Asla Ángeles Domínguez Begoña González |
| author_sort | Lorena Villar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Textile industries release dangerous wastewater that contain dyes into the environment. Due to their toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic nature, they must be removed before the discharge. Liquid–liquid extraction has proven to be an efficient method for the removal of these dyes. As extractants, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have shown excellent results in recent years, as well as presenting several green properties. Therefore, four different hydrophobic DESs based on natural components were prepared thymol:decanoic acid (T:D (1:1)), thymol:DL-menthol (T:M (1:1)), thymol:DL-menthol (T:M (1:2)) and thymol:coumarin (T:C (2:1)) for the extraction of Malachite Green (MG), Brilliant Blue G (BBG), Acid Yellow 73 (AY73), Reactive Red 29 (RR29), Acid Blue 113 (AB113), Reactive Black 5 (RB5), Remazol Brilliant Blue (RBB), Direct Yellow 27 (DY27), Acid Blue 80 (AB80), Direct Blue 15 (DB15) and Acid Violet 43 (AV43) dyes from water. The operational parameters of the liquid–liquid extraction were selected in order to save time and materials, resulting in 30 min of stirring, 15 min of centrifugation and an aqueous:organic ratio of 5:1. In these conditions, the highest values of extraction obtained were 99% for MG, 89% for BBG and 94% for AY73. Based on these results, the influence of the aqueous:organic phase ratio and the number of necessary stages to achieve water decolorization was studied. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:51:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c78039f4298a46a183118427d6a3f317 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:51:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Separations |
| spelling | doaj.art-c78039f4298a46a183118427d6a3f3172023-11-24T18:00:09ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392022-12-0191244210.3390/separations9120442Testing Thymol-Based DES for the Elimination of 11 Textile Dyes from WaterLorena Villar0Óscar Martínez-Rico1Andrés Asla2Ángeles Domínguez3Begoña González4Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainTextile industries release dangerous wastewater that contain dyes into the environment. Due to their toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic nature, they must be removed before the discharge. Liquid–liquid extraction has proven to be an efficient method for the removal of these dyes. As extractants, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have shown excellent results in recent years, as well as presenting several green properties. Therefore, four different hydrophobic DESs based on natural components were prepared thymol:decanoic acid (T:D (1:1)), thymol:DL-menthol (T:M (1:1)), thymol:DL-menthol (T:M (1:2)) and thymol:coumarin (T:C (2:1)) for the extraction of Malachite Green (MG), Brilliant Blue G (BBG), Acid Yellow 73 (AY73), Reactive Red 29 (RR29), Acid Blue 113 (AB113), Reactive Black 5 (RB5), Remazol Brilliant Blue (RBB), Direct Yellow 27 (DY27), Acid Blue 80 (AB80), Direct Blue 15 (DB15) and Acid Violet 43 (AV43) dyes from water. The operational parameters of the liquid–liquid extraction were selected in order to save time and materials, resulting in 30 min of stirring, 15 min of centrifugation and an aqueous:organic ratio of 5:1. In these conditions, the highest values of extraction obtained were 99% for MG, 89% for BBG and 94% for AY73. Based on these results, the influence of the aqueous:organic phase ratio and the number of necessary stages to achieve water decolorization was studied.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/9/12/442liquid–liquid extractiondeep eutectic solventtextile dyes |
| spellingShingle | Lorena Villar Óscar Martínez-Rico Andrés Asla Ángeles Domínguez Begoña González Testing Thymol-Based DES for the Elimination of 11 Textile Dyes from Water Separations liquid–liquid extraction deep eutectic solvent textile dyes |
| title | Testing Thymol-Based DES for the Elimination of 11 Textile Dyes from Water |
| title_full | Testing Thymol-Based DES for the Elimination of 11 Textile Dyes from Water |
| title_fullStr | Testing Thymol-Based DES for the Elimination of 11 Textile Dyes from Water |
| title_full_unstemmed | Testing Thymol-Based DES for the Elimination of 11 Textile Dyes from Water |
| title_short | Testing Thymol-Based DES for the Elimination of 11 Textile Dyes from Water |
| title_sort | testing thymol based des for the elimination of 11 textile dyes from water |
| topic | liquid–liquid extraction deep eutectic solvent textile dyes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/9/12/442 |
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