Engineered Cross-Linked Silane with Urea Polymer Thin Durable Coatings onto Polymeric Films for Controlled Antiviral Release of Activated Chlorine and Essential Oils
In March 2020, the World Health Organization announced a pandemic attributed to SARS-CoV-2, a novel beta-coronavirus, which spread widely from China. As a result, the need for antiviral surfaces has increased significantly. Here, the preparation and characterization of new antiviral coatings on poly...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/14/5/270 |
| _version_ | 1797599619338731520 |
|---|---|
| author | Elisheva Sasson Omer Agazani Eyal Malka Meital Reches Shlomo Margel |
| author_facet | Elisheva Sasson Omer Agazani Eyal Malka Meital Reches Shlomo Margel |
| author_sort | Elisheva Sasson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In March 2020, the World Health Organization announced a pandemic attributed to SARS-CoV-2, a novel beta-coronavirus, which spread widely from China. As a result, the need for antiviral surfaces has increased significantly. Here, the preparation and characterization of new antiviral coatings on polycarbonate (PC) for controlled release of activated chlorine (Cl<sup>+</sup>) and thymol separately and combined are described. Thin coatings were prepared by polymerization of 1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] urea (TMSPU) in ethanol/water basic solution by modified Stöber polymerization, followed by spreading the formed dispersion onto surface-oxidized PC film using a Mayer rod with appropriate thickness. Activated Cl-releasing coating was prepared by chlorination of the PC/SiO<sub>2</sub>-urea film with NaOCl through the urea amide groups to form a Cl-amine derivatized coating. Thymol releasing coating was prepared by linking thymol to TMSPU or its polymer via hydrogen bonds between thymol hydroxyl and urea amide groups. The activity towards T4 bacteriophage and canine coronavirus (CCV) was measured. PC/SiO<sub>2</sub>-urea-thymol enhanced bacteriophage persistence, while PC/SiO<sub>2</sub>-urea-Cl reduced its amount by 84%. Temperature-dependent release is presented. Surprisingly, the combination of thymol and chlorine had an improved antiviral activity, reducing the amount of both viruses by four orders of magnitude, indicating synergistic activity. For CCV, coating with only thymol was inactive, while SiO<sub>2</sub>-urea-Cl reduced it below a detectable level. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:36:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c78734efb6f942fabb2f90b9bfa25ea3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4983 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:36:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-c78734efb6f942fabb2f90b9bfa25ea32023-11-18T01:57:02ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Biomaterials2079-49832023-05-0114527010.3390/jfb14050270Engineered Cross-Linked Silane with Urea Polymer Thin Durable Coatings onto Polymeric Films for Controlled Antiviral Release of Activated Chlorine and Essential OilsElisheva Sasson0Omer Agazani1Eyal Malka2Meital Reches3Shlomo Margel4Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA) and Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, IsraelInstitute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, IsraelBar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA) and Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, IsraelInstitute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, IsraelBar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA) and Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, IsraelIn March 2020, the World Health Organization announced a pandemic attributed to SARS-CoV-2, a novel beta-coronavirus, which spread widely from China. As a result, the need for antiviral surfaces has increased significantly. Here, the preparation and characterization of new antiviral coatings on polycarbonate (PC) for controlled release of activated chlorine (Cl<sup>+</sup>) and thymol separately and combined are described. Thin coatings were prepared by polymerization of 1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] urea (TMSPU) in ethanol/water basic solution by modified Stöber polymerization, followed by spreading the formed dispersion onto surface-oxidized PC film using a Mayer rod with appropriate thickness. Activated Cl-releasing coating was prepared by chlorination of the PC/SiO<sub>2</sub>-urea film with NaOCl through the urea amide groups to form a Cl-amine derivatized coating. Thymol releasing coating was prepared by linking thymol to TMSPU or its polymer via hydrogen bonds between thymol hydroxyl and urea amide groups. The activity towards T4 bacteriophage and canine coronavirus (CCV) was measured. PC/SiO<sub>2</sub>-urea-thymol enhanced bacteriophage persistence, while PC/SiO<sub>2</sub>-urea-Cl reduced its amount by 84%. Temperature-dependent release is presented. Surprisingly, the combination of thymol and chlorine had an improved antiviral activity, reducing the amount of both viruses by four orders of magnitude, indicating synergistic activity. For CCV, coating with only thymol was inactive, while SiO<sub>2</sub>-urea-Cl reduced it below a detectable level.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/14/5/270COVID-19antiviral coatingsN-halamine compoundsT4 bacteriophageessential oilscanine coronavirus |
| spellingShingle | Elisheva Sasson Omer Agazani Eyal Malka Meital Reches Shlomo Margel Engineered Cross-Linked Silane with Urea Polymer Thin Durable Coatings onto Polymeric Films for Controlled Antiviral Release of Activated Chlorine and Essential Oils Journal of Functional Biomaterials COVID-19 antiviral coatings N-halamine compounds T4 bacteriophage essential oils canine coronavirus |
| title | Engineered Cross-Linked Silane with Urea Polymer Thin Durable Coatings onto Polymeric Films for Controlled Antiviral Release of Activated Chlorine and Essential Oils |
| title_full | Engineered Cross-Linked Silane with Urea Polymer Thin Durable Coatings onto Polymeric Films for Controlled Antiviral Release of Activated Chlorine and Essential Oils |
| title_fullStr | Engineered Cross-Linked Silane with Urea Polymer Thin Durable Coatings onto Polymeric Films for Controlled Antiviral Release of Activated Chlorine and Essential Oils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Engineered Cross-Linked Silane with Urea Polymer Thin Durable Coatings onto Polymeric Films for Controlled Antiviral Release of Activated Chlorine and Essential Oils |
| title_short | Engineered Cross-Linked Silane with Urea Polymer Thin Durable Coatings onto Polymeric Films for Controlled Antiviral Release of Activated Chlorine and Essential Oils |
| title_sort | engineered cross linked silane with urea polymer thin durable coatings onto polymeric films for controlled antiviral release of activated chlorine and essential oils |
| topic | COVID-19 antiviral coatings N-halamine compounds T4 bacteriophage essential oils canine coronavirus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/14/5/270 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT elishevasasson engineeredcrosslinkedsilanewithureapolymerthindurablecoatingsontopolymericfilmsforcontrolledantiviralreleaseofactivatedchlorineandessentialoils AT omeragazani engineeredcrosslinkedsilanewithureapolymerthindurablecoatingsontopolymericfilmsforcontrolledantiviralreleaseofactivatedchlorineandessentialoils AT eyalmalka engineeredcrosslinkedsilanewithureapolymerthindurablecoatingsontopolymericfilmsforcontrolledantiviralreleaseofactivatedchlorineandessentialoils AT meitalreches engineeredcrosslinkedsilanewithureapolymerthindurablecoatingsontopolymericfilmsforcontrolledantiviralreleaseofactivatedchlorineandessentialoils AT shlomomargel engineeredcrosslinkedsilanewithureapolymerthindurablecoatingsontopolymericfilmsforcontrolledantiviralreleaseofactivatedchlorineandessentialoils |