Tourist risk assessment of pollen allergy in tourism attractions: A case study in the Summer Palace, Beijing, China
Pollen allergy has already been an increasingly prominent ecosystem disservice in tourism attractions. However, few studies have assessed the tourist risk of pollen allergy through integrating multidisciplinary knowledge of ecology, medicine, phenology, and risk management. Basing on the conceptual...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1030066/full |
| _version_ | 1798027821106331648 |
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| author | Yu Zhou Yu Zhou Junhu Dai Junhu Dai Junhu Dai Haolong Liu Haolong Liu Xian Liu Xian Liu |
| author_facet | Yu Zhou Yu Zhou Junhu Dai Junhu Dai Junhu Dai Haolong Liu Haolong Liu Xian Liu Xian Liu |
| author_sort | Yu Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pollen allergy has already been an increasingly prominent ecosystem disservice in tourism attractions. However, few studies have assessed the tourist risk of pollen allergy through integrating multidisciplinary knowledge of ecology, medicine, phenology, and risk management. Basing on the conceptual framework of risk assessment proposed by UNISDR, we first established an index system of pollen-allergy risk for tourists in attractions and outlined assessment methods 18 available indexes were put forward to cover three aspects: hazard of plant allergen, tourist vulnerability, and resilience of assessment units. Subsequently, taking the Summer Palace as the case study area, we conducted a tourist risk assessment of pollen allergy. Values of nine available indexes were obtained via ecological investigation, phenological observation, and data mining of visitors' logs on Sina Weibo. Risk levels of spring pollen allergy for tourists in different assessment units were revealed by combining the green zone allergenicity index model and three-dimensional risk assessment matrix. The results showed that: (1) There were seven primary pollen-allergenic plants in the Summer Palace, including Platycladus orientalis, Sabina chinensis, Salix babylonica, Pinus tabulaeformis, Populus tomentosa Carr, Morus alba L. and Fraxinus chinesis, among which Platycladus orientalis and Salix babylonica were the highest allergenic. (2) Among 18 spots, tourists faced the highest risk level of pollen allergy in spring at three spots, namely the Hall of Serenity, Hall of Benevolence and Longevity, and Gallery of Literary and Prosperity. (3) The two routes of the Long Corridor and Longevity Hill scored high on the risk level. (4) Among four areas, risk levels of the Front-hill and Rear-hill areas were high. Given the increasing spatial-temporal uncertainty of pollen allergy and tourist behaviors under global warming and urbanization, the related monitoring should be strengthened in the future. Furthermore, the dynamic and improved assessment of pollen-allergy risk should be institutionalized and be integrated into the evaluation of tourism experience quality. Tourism administration should make full use of relevant assessment results and conduct more effective risk communication. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:58:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c787850dcc1647e8ba2d5fc498b7c386 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:58:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-c787850dcc1647e8ba2d5fc498b7c3862022-12-22T04:08:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652022-10-011010.3389/fpubh.2022.10300661030066Tourist risk assessment of pollen allergy in tourism attractions: A case study in the Summer Palace, Beijing, ChinaYu Zhou0Yu Zhou1Junhu Dai2Junhu Dai3Junhu Dai4Haolong Liu5Haolong Liu6Xian Liu7Xian Liu8Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaChina-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, Islamabad, PakistanKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaPollen allergy has already been an increasingly prominent ecosystem disservice in tourism attractions. However, few studies have assessed the tourist risk of pollen allergy through integrating multidisciplinary knowledge of ecology, medicine, phenology, and risk management. Basing on the conceptual framework of risk assessment proposed by UNISDR, we first established an index system of pollen-allergy risk for tourists in attractions and outlined assessment methods 18 available indexes were put forward to cover three aspects: hazard of plant allergen, tourist vulnerability, and resilience of assessment units. Subsequently, taking the Summer Palace as the case study area, we conducted a tourist risk assessment of pollen allergy. Values of nine available indexes were obtained via ecological investigation, phenological observation, and data mining of visitors' logs on Sina Weibo. Risk levels of spring pollen allergy for tourists in different assessment units were revealed by combining the green zone allergenicity index model and three-dimensional risk assessment matrix. The results showed that: (1) There were seven primary pollen-allergenic plants in the Summer Palace, including Platycladus orientalis, Sabina chinensis, Salix babylonica, Pinus tabulaeformis, Populus tomentosa Carr, Morus alba L. and Fraxinus chinesis, among which Platycladus orientalis and Salix babylonica were the highest allergenic. (2) Among 18 spots, tourists faced the highest risk level of pollen allergy in spring at three spots, namely the Hall of Serenity, Hall of Benevolence and Longevity, and Gallery of Literary and Prosperity. (3) The two routes of the Long Corridor and Longevity Hill scored high on the risk level. (4) Among four areas, risk levels of the Front-hill and Rear-hill areas were high. Given the increasing spatial-temporal uncertainty of pollen allergy and tourist behaviors under global warming and urbanization, the related monitoring should be strengthened in the future. Furthermore, the dynamic and improved assessment of pollen-allergy risk should be institutionalized and be integrated into the evaluation of tourism experience quality. Tourism administration should make full use of relevant assessment results and conduct more effective risk communication.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1030066/fulltourism attractionspollen allergytourist risk assessmentgreen zone allergenicity index modeldata miningrisk matrix |
| spellingShingle | Yu Zhou Yu Zhou Junhu Dai Junhu Dai Junhu Dai Haolong Liu Haolong Liu Xian Liu Xian Liu Tourist risk assessment of pollen allergy in tourism attractions: A case study in the Summer Palace, Beijing, China Frontiers in Public Health tourism attractions pollen allergy tourist risk assessment green zone allergenicity index model data mining risk matrix |
| title | Tourist risk assessment of pollen allergy in tourism attractions: A case study in the Summer Palace, Beijing, China |
| title_full | Tourist risk assessment of pollen allergy in tourism attractions: A case study in the Summer Palace, Beijing, China |
| title_fullStr | Tourist risk assessment of pollen allergy in tourism attractions: A case study in the Summer Palace, Beijing, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tourist risk assessment of pollen allergy in tourism attractions: A case study in the Summer Palace, Beijing, China |
| title_short | Tourist risk assessment of pollen allergy in tourism attractions: A case study in the Summer Palace, Beijing, China |
| title_sort | tourist risk assessment of pollen allergy in tourism attractions a case study in the summer palace beijing china |
| topic | tourism attractions pollen allergy tourist risk assessment green zone allergenicity index model data mining risk matrix |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1030066/full |
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