Impact of Ship Grounding on Coral Reefs in Indonesian Waters
Indonesia as an archipelagic country is prone to damage to coral reefs. The grounding of ships on coral reefs has resulted in severe physical and biological damage. The grounding of ships on coral reefs has resulted in severe physical and biological damage, including the uprooting and crashing of co...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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EDP Sciences
2023-01-01
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| Series: | BIO Web of Conferences |
| Online Access: | https://www.bio-conferences.org/articles/bioconf/pdf/2023/15/bioconf_macific2023_02009.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797634993121394688 |
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| author | Idris Idris Yusuf Syaifudin Johan Ofri Fakhrurrozi Fakhrurrozi Novi Setiawan Eko Sianipar Osten |
| author_facet | Idris Idris Yusuf Syaifudin Johan Ofri Fakhrurrozi Fakhrurrozi Novi Setiawan Eko Sianipar Osten |
| author_sort | Idris Idris |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Indonesia as an archipelagic country is prone to damage to coral reefs. The grounding of ships on coral reefs has resulted in severe physical and biological damage. The grounding of ships on coral reefs has resulted in severe physical and biological damage, including the uprooting and crashing of coral skeletons, dislodgment and displacement of sediment, and loss of three-dimensional complexity. Most of the damage was devastating. The purpose of this study is to identify levels of damage and impact of shipgrounding to coral reefs in Indonesian waters. The research method in this study uses the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) and underwater photo transect (UPT) to measurement of the level of damage and its impact. The result of this study is profile of coral reefs that were predominantly hit by ships was a patch reef (67%) and and mostly occurred due to human error (78%). This research found some types of damage in the form of a trajectory, mounds, propeller, partials, and dispersals. There has been a very significant change in the bottom substrate of the waters both by large, medium, and small vessels. The average live hard coral cover in affected area from 42.70 ± 5.26%, changing to no live coral, it is mean the mortality of live coral cover reached 100%. And rubble coverage increased from 11.19±6.10% to 61±18.41%. Increasing of rubble is an important concern because it causes acute damage to coral reefs, the same as coral damage caused by fishing bombs and destructive fishing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T12:15:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c78ef76a935f494d8b504d477abce859 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2117-4458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T12:15:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | EDP Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BIO Web of Conferences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c78ef76a935f494d8b504d477abce8592023-11-07T10:17:43ZengEDP SciencesBIO Web of Conferences2117-44582023-01-01700200910.1051/bioconf/20237002009bioconf_macific2023_02009Impact of Ship Grounding on Coral Reefs in Indonesian WatersIdris Idris0Yusuf Syaifudin1Johan Ofri2Fakhrurrozi Fakhrurrozi3Novi Setiawan Eko4Sianipar Osten5Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hasanudin UniversityDepartement of Marine Science, Faculty Of Marine Science and Fisheries Hasanuddin UniversityResearch Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation AgencyThe Indonesian Coral Reef Foundation (Yayasan TERANGI), Jl. Asyibaniah No 105-106, Kelurahan Cipayung, Kecamatan Cipayung-Kota DepokDirectorate of Out-of-court Environmental Dispute Resolution-Ministry of Environment and ForestryDirectorate of Out-of-court Environmental Dispute Resolution-Ministry of Environment and ForestryIndonesia as an archipelagic country is prone to damage to coral reefs. The grounding of ships on coral reefs has resulted in severe physical and biological damage. The grounding of ships on coral reefs has resulted in severe physical and biological damage, including the uprooting and crashing of coral skeletons, dislodgment and displacement of sediment, and loss of three-dimensional complexity. Most of the damage was devastating. The purpose of this study is to identify levels of damage and impact of shipgrounding to coral reefs in Indonesian waters. The research method in this study uses the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) and underwater photo transect (UPT) to measurement of the level of damage and its impact. The result of this study is profile of coral reefs that were predominantly hit by ships was a patch reef (67%) and and mostly occurred due to human error (78%). This research found some types of damage in the form of a trajectory, mounds, propeller, partials, and dispersals. There has been a very significant change in the bottom substrate of the waters both by large, medium, and small vessels. The average live hard coral cover in affected area from 42.70 ± 5.26%, changing to no live coral, it is mean the mortality of live coral cover reached 100%. And rubble coverage increased from 11.19±6.10% to 61±18.41%. Increasing of rubble is an important concern because it causes acute damage to coral reefs, the same as coral damage caused by fishing bombs and destructive fishing.https://www.bio-conferences.org/articles/bioconf/pdf/2023/15/bioconf_macific2023_02009.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Idris Idris Yusuf Syaifudin Johan Ofri Fakhrurrozi Fakhrurrozi Novi Setiawan Eko Sianipar Osten Impact of Ship Grounding on Coral Reefs in Indonesian Waters BIO Web of Conferences |
| title | Impact of Ship Grounding on Coral Reefs in Indonesian Waters |
| title_full | Impact of Ship Grounding on Coral Reefs in Indonesian Waters |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Ship Grounding on Coral Reefs in Indonesian Waters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Ship Grounding on Coral Reefs in Indonesian Waters |
| title_short | Impact of Ship Grounding on Coral Reefs in Indonesian Waters |
| title_sort | impact of ship grounding on coral reefs in indonesian waters |
| url | https://www.bio-conferences.org/articles/bioconf/pdf/2023/15/bioconf_macific2023_02009.pdf |
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