Metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum re-balance T-reg/Th-17 cytokine axis in epileptic rats
Abstract Background Recurrent seizure is synchronous neuronal network hyperexcitation. Even though many anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are available, but have several drawbacks, including multiple drug interactions, suboptimal response rates, significant adverse effects, and a narrow therapeutic index....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-023-00425-1 |
| _version_ | 1797397839174696960 |
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| author | Mohamed A. Alblihed |
| author_facet | Mohamed A. Alblihed |
| author_sort | Mohamed A. Alblihed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Recurrent seizure is synchronous neuronal network hyperexcitation. Even though many anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are available, but have several drawbacks, including multiple drug interactions, suboptimal response rates, significant adverse effects, and a narrow therapeutic index. Trichoderma is a biocontrol agent which maintains stress-related gene expression to adapt to unstable environmental conditions. The current study sought to delineate the ameliorative effects of metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum (T. harzianum) culture filtrate (ThCF) by assessing the functions of T regulatory cells and rebalancing oxidative stress. Methods Experimental rats were divided into control, epileptic, valproic acid-treated, and T. harzianum cultured filtrate (ThCF). Lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, and antioxidant defense enzymes were estimated. Moreover, interleukins-6, -10, -17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor (TGF-β) were estimated using ELISA kits, in addition to T-reg markers; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4), and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) were estimated by qRT-PCR. Results Data revealed that the T. harzianum cultured filtrate (ThCF) retarded the lipid oxidation rate and has antioxidant activities, as well as increased levels of GPx, CAT, and SOD. Moreover, ThCF re-balances T-reg/Th-17 cytokines, restoring the pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines and Treg markers, e.g., FOXP3 and CTLA-4, to their normal level. Conclusion Trichoderma harzianum has a potent antioxidant activity with high capacity to scavenge ROS and downregulate all T-reg markers. Therefore, the present data are directed toward the characterization of new active constituents of secondary metabolites of T. harzianum with significant therapeutic functions in several diseases. The promising findings may suggest more clinical and experimental scenarios to reduce AED’s drawbacks and side effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:16:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c7916a0da6b44c1191f79e3bc49ea1bd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2314-8543 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:16:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c7916a0da6b44c1191f79e3bc49ea1bd2023-12-10T12:28:13ZengSpringerOpenBeni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences2314-85432023-12-0112111210.1186/s43088-023-00425-1Metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum re-balance T-reg/Th-17 cytokine axis in epileptic ratsMohamed A. Alblihed0Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Taif UniversityAbstract Background Recurrent seizure is synchronous neuronal network hyperexcitation. Even though many anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are available, but have several drawbacks, including multiple drug interactions, suboptimal response rates, significant adverse effects, and a narrow therapeutic index. Trichoderma is a biocontrol agent which maintains stress-related gene expression to adapt to unstable environmental conditions. The current study sought to delineate the ameliorative effects of metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum (T. harzianum) culture filtrate (ThCF) by assessing the functions of T regulatory cells and rebalancing oxidative stress. Methods Experimental rats were divided into control, epileptic, valproic acid-treated, and T. harzianum cultured filtrate (ThCF). Lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, and antioxidant defense enzymes were estimated. Moreover, interleukins-6, -10, -17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor (TGF-β) were estimated using ELISA kits, in addition to T-reg markers; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4), and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) were estimated by qRT-PCR. Results Data revealed that the T. harzianum cultured filtrate (ThCF) retarded the lipid oxidation rate and has antioxidant activities, as well as increased levels of GPx, CAT, and SOD. Moreover, ThCF re-balances T-reg/Th-17 cytokines, restoring the pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines and Treg markers, e.g., FOXP3 and CTLA-4, to their normal level. Conclusion Trichoderma harzianum has a potent antioxidant activity with high capacity to scavenge ROS and downregulate all T-reg markers. Therefore, the present data are directed toward the characterization of new active constituents of secondary metabolites of T. harzianum with significant therapeutic functions in several diseases. The promising findings may suggest more clinical and experimental scenarios to reduce AED’s drawbacks and side effects.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-023-00425-1EpilepsyTrichoderma harzianumLipid peroxidationAntioxidantsT-regulatory cells |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed A. Alblihed Metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum re-balance T-reg/Th-17 cytokine axis in epileptic rats Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Epilepsy Trichoderma harzianum Lipid peroxidation Antioxidants T-regulatory cells |
| title | Metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum re-balance T-reg/Th-17 cytokine axis in epileptic rats |
| title_full | Metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum re-balance T-reg/Th-17 cytokine axis in epileptic rats |
| title_fullStr | Metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum re-balance T-reg/Th-17 cytokine axis in epileptic rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum re-balance T-reg/Th-17 cytokine axis in epileptic rats |
| title_short | Metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum re-balance T-reg/Th-17 cytokine axis in epileptic rats |
| title_sort | metabolites of trichoderma harzianum re balance t reg th 17 cytokine axis in epileptic rats |
| topic | Epilepsy Trichoderma harzianum Lipid peroxidation Antioxidants T-regulatory cells |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-023-00425-1 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohamedaalblihed metabolitesoftrichodermaharzianumrebalancetregth17cytokineaxisinepilepticrats |