Opportunities for Nanomedicine in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection
<i>Clostridioides difficile</i>, a spore-forming bacterium, is a nosocomial infectious pathogen which can be found in animals as well. Although various antibiotics and disinfectants were developed, <i>C. difficile</i> infection (CDI) remains a serious health problem. <i>...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/8/948 |
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| author | Pei-Wen Wang Wei-Ting Lee Ya-Na Wu Dar-Bin Shieh |
| author_facet | Pei-Wen Wang Wei-Ting Lee Ya-Na Wu Dar-Bin Shieh |
| author_sort | Pei-Wen Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Clostridioides difficile</i>, a spore-forming bacterium, is a nosocomial infectious pathogen which can be found in animals as well. Although various antibiotics and disinfectants were developed, <i>C. difficile</i> infection (CDI) remains a serious health problem. <i>C. difficile</i> spores have complex structures and dormant characteristics that contribute to their resistance to harsh environments, successful transmission and recurrence. <i>C. difficile</i> spores can germinate quickly after being exposed to bile acid and co-germinant in a suitable environment. The vegetative cells produce endospores, and the mature spores are released from the hosts for dissemination of the pathogen. Therefore, concurrent elimination of <i>C. difficile</i> vegetative cells and inhibition of spore germination is essential for effective control of CDI. This review focused on the molecular pathogenesis of CDI and new trends in targeting both spores and vegetative cells of this pathogen, as well as the potential contribution of nanotechnologies for the effective management of CDI. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:03:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c795e13fce934cdda1fa59c2fb3a37e1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:03:41Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-c795e13fce934cdda1fa59c2fb3a37e12023-11-22T06:33:42ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822021-08-0110894810.3390/antibiotics10080948Opportunities for Nanomedicine in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> InfectionPei-Wen Wang0Wei-Ting Lee1Ya-Na Wu2Dar-Bin Shieh3School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, TaiwanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704302, TaiwanSchool of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, TaiwanSchool of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan<i>Clostridioides difficile</i>, a spore-forming bacterium, is a nosocomial infectious pathogen which can be found in animals as well. Although various antibiotics and disinfectants were developed, <i>C. difficile</i> infection (CDI) remains a serious health problem. <i>C. difficile</i> spores have complex structures and dormant characteristics that contribute to their resistance to harsh environments, successful transmission and recurrence. <i>C. difficile</i> spores can germinate quickly after being exposed to bile acid and co-germinant in a suitable environment. The vegetative cells produce endospores, and the mature spores are released from the hosts for dissemination of the pathogen. Therefore, concurrent elimination of <i>C. difficile</i> vegetative cells and inhibition of spore germination is essential for effective control of CDI. This review focused on the molecular pathogenesis of CDI and new trends in targeting both spores and vegetative cells of this pathogen, as well as the potential contribution of nanotechnologies for the effective management of CDI.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/8/948<i>Clostridioides difficile</i>sporesanti-sporespore germinationnanomaterial |
| spellingShingle | Pei-Wen Wang Wei-Ting Lee Ya-Na Wu Dar-Bin Shieh Opportunities for Nanomedicine in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection Antibiotics <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> spores anti-spore spore germination nanomaterial |
| title | Opportunities for Nanomedicine in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection |
| title_full | Opportunities for Nanomedicine in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection |
| title_fullStr | Opportunities for Nanomedicine in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Opportunities for Nanomedicine in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection |
| title_short | Opportunities for Nanomedicine in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection |
| title_sort | opportunities for nanomedicine in i clostridioides difficile i infection |
| topic | <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> spores anti-spore spore germination nanomaterial |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/8/948 |
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