Clotrimazole Loaded Ufosomes for Topical Delivery: Formulation Development and In-Vitro Studies
Global incidence of superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes is high and affects around 40 million people. It is the fourth most common cause of infection. Clotrimazole, a broad spectrum imidazole antifungal agent is widely used to treat fungal infections. Conventional topical formulati...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-08-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/17/3139 |
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| author | Pradeep Kumar Bolla Carlos A. Meraz Victor A. Rodriguez Isaac Deaguero Mahima Singh Venkata Kashyap Yellepeddi Jwala Renukuntla |
| author_facet | Pradeep Kumar Bolla Carlos A. Meraz Victor A. Rodriguez Isaac Deaguero Mahima Singh Venkata Kashyap Yellepeddi Jwala Renukuntla |
| author_sort | Pradeep Kumar Bolla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Global incidence of superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes is high and affects around 40 million people. It is the fourth most common cause of infection. Clotrimazole, a broad spectrum imidazole antifungal agent is widely used to treat fungal infections. Conventional topical formulations of clotrimazole are intended to treat infections by effective penetration of drugs into the stratum corneum. However, drawbacks such as poor dermal bioavailability, poor penetration, and variable drug levels limit the efficiency. The present study aims to load clotrimazole into ufosomes and evaluate its topical bioavailability. Clotrimazole loaded ufosomes were prepared using cholesterol and sodium oleate by thin film hydration technique and evaluated for size, polydispersity index, and entrapment efficiency to obtain optimized formulation. Optimized formulation was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Skin diffusion studies and tape-stripping were performed using human skin to determine the amount of clotrimazole accumulated in different layers of the skin. Results showed that the optimized formulation had vesicle size <250 nm with ~84% entrapment efficiency. XRD and DSC confirmed the entrapment of clotrimazole into ufosomes. No permeation was observed through the skin up to 24 h following the permeation studies. Tape-stripping revealed that ufosomes led to accumulation of more clotrimazole in the skin compared to marketed formulation (Perrigo). Overall, results revealed the capability of ufosomes in improving the skin bioavailability of clotrimazole. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T14:05:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c7969db2fbd54bc79412a43f831e785e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T14:05:20Z |
| publishDate | 2019-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-c7969db2fbd54bc79412a43f831e785e2022-12-21T23:42:37ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492019-08-012417313910.3390/molecules24173139molecules24173139Clotrimazole Loaded Ufosomes for Topical Delivery: Formulation Development and In-Vitro StudiesPradeep Kumar Bolla0Carlos A. Meraz1Victor A. Rodriguez2Isaac Deaguero3Mahima Singh4Venkata Kashyap Yellepeddi5Jwala Renukuntla6Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USADivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USADepartment of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, NC 27240, USAGlobal incidence of superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes is high and affects around 40 million people. It is the fourth most common cause of infection. Clotrimazole, a broad spectrum imidazole antifungal agent is widely used to treat fungal infections. Conventional topical formulations of clotrimazole are intended to treat infections by effective penetration of drugs into the stratum corneum. However, drawbacks such as poor dermal bioavailability, poor penetration, and variable drug levels limit the efficiency. The present study aims to load clotrimazole into ufosomes and evaluate its topical bioavailability. Clotrimazole loaded ufosomes were prepared using cholesterol and sodium oleate by thin film hydration technique and evaluated for size, polydispersity index, and entrapment efficiency to obtain optimized formulation. Optimized formulation was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Skin diffusion studies and tape-stripping were performed using human skin to determine the amount of clotrimazole accumulated in different layers of the skin. Results showed that the optimized formulation had vesicle size <250 nm with ~84% entrapment efficiency. XRD and DSC confirmed the entrapment of clotrimazole into ufosomes. No permeation was observed through the skin up to 24 h following the permeation studies. Tape-stripping revealed that ufosomes led to accumulation of more clotrimazole in the skin compared to marketed formulation (Perrigo). Overall, results revealed the capability of ufosomes in improving the skin bioavailability of clotrimazole.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/17/3139ufosomesclotrimazoletopicalcholesteroltape-strippingpermegear flow-through diffusion cellssodium oleate |
| spellingShingle | Pradeep Kumar Bolla Carlos A. Meraz Victor A. Rodriguez Isaac Deaguero Mahima Singh Venkata Kashyap Yellepeddi Jwala Renukuntla Clotrimazole Loaded Ufosomes for Topical Delivery: Formulation Development and In-Vitro Studies Molecules ufosomes clotrimazole topical cholesterol tape-stripping permegear flow-through diffusion cells sodium oleate |
| title | Clotrimazole Loaded Ufosomes for Topical Delivery: Formulation Development and In-Vitro Studies |
| title_full | Clotrimazole Loaded Ufosomes for Topical Delivery: Formulation Development and In-Vitro Studies |
| title_fullStr | Clotrimazole Loaded Ufosomes for Topical Delivery: Formulation Development and In-Vitro Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clotrimazole Loaded Ufosomes for Topical Delivery: Formulation Development and In-Vitro Studies |
| title_short | Clotrimazole Loaded Ufosomes for Topical Delivery: Formulation Development and In-Vitro Studies |
| title_sort | clotrimazole loaded ufosomes for topical delivery formulation development and in vitro studies |
| topic | ufosomes clotrimazole topical cholesterol tape-stripping permegear flow-through diffusion cells sodium oleate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/17/3139 |
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