Recent advances in neural mechanism of general anesthesia induced unconsciousness: insights from optogenetics and chemogenetics
For over 170 years, general anesthesia has played a crucial role in clinical practice, yet a comprehensive understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying the induction of unconsciousness by general anesthetics remains elusive. Ongoing research into these mechanisms primarily centers around the br...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1360864/full |
| _version_ | 1797217061893570560 |
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| author | Hui Gao Hui Gao Jingyi Wang Rui Zhang Tao Luo |
| author_facet | Hui Gao Hui Gao Jingyi Wang Rui Zhang Tao Luo |
| author_sort | Hui Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For over 170 years, general anesthesia has played a crucial role in clinical practice, yet a comprehensive understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying the induction of unconsciousness by general anesthetics remains elusive. Ongoing research into these mechanisms primarily centers around the brain nuclei and neural circuits associated with sleep-wake. In this context, two sophisticated methodologies, optogenetics and chemogenetics, have emerged as vital tools for recording and modulating the activity of specific neuronal populations or circuits within distinct brain regions. Recent advancements have successfully employed these techniques to investigate the impact of general anesthesia on various brain nuclei and neural pathways. This paper provides an in-depth examination of the use of optogenetic and chemogenetic methodologies in studying the effects of general anesthesia on specific brain nuclei and pathways. Additionally, it discusses in depth the advantages and limitations of these two methodologies, as well as the issues that must be considered for scientific research applications. By shedding light on these facets, this paper serves as a valuable reference for furthering the accurate exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying general anesthesia. It aids researchers and clinicians in effectively evaluating the applicability of these techniques in advancing scientific research and clinical practice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T11:55:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c7af7e05f9b3484aa92b95c2afdb0553 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T11:55:52Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c7af7e05f9b3484aa92b95c2afdb05532024-04-09T04:31:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122024-04-011510.3389/fphar.2024.13608641360864Recent advances in neural mechanism of general anesthesia induced unconsciousness: insights from optogenetics and chemogeneticsHui Gao0Hui Gao1Jingyi Wang2Rui Zhang3Tao Luo4School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, ChinaSchool of Anesthesiology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, ChinaFor over 170 years, general anesthesia has played a crucial role in clinical practice, yet a comprehensive understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying the induction of unconsciousness by general anesthetics remains elusive. Ongoing research into these mechanisms primarily centers around the brain nuclei and neural circuits associated with sleep-wake. In this context, two sophisticated methodologies, optogenetics and chemogenetics, have emerged as vital tools for recording and modulating the activity of specific neuronal populations or circuits within distinct brain regions. Recent advancements have successfully employed these techniques to investigate the impact of general anesthesia on various brain nuclei and neural pathways. This paper provides an in-depth examination of the use of optogenetic and chemogenetic methodologies in studying the effects of general anesthesia on specific brain nuclei and pathways. Additionally, it discusses in depth the advantages and limitations of these two methodologies, as well as the issues that must be considered for scientific research applications. By shedding light on these facets, this paper serves as a valuable reference for furthering the accurate exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying general anesthesia. It aids researchers and clinicians in effectively evaluating the applicability of these techniques in advancing scientific research and clinical practice.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1360864/fulloptogeneticschemogeneticsgeneral anesthesiawakefulnessloss of righting reflexneural circuits |
| spellingShingle | Hui Gao Hui Gao Jingyi Wang Rui Zhang Tao Luo Recent advances in neural mechanism of general anesthesia induced unconsciousness: insights from optogenetics and chemogenetics Frontiers in Pharmacology optogenetics chemogenetics general anesthesia wakefulness loss of righting reflex neural circuits |
| title | Recent advances in neural mechanism of general anesthesia induced unconsciousness: insights from optogenetics and chemogenetics |
| title_full | Recent advances in neural mechanism of general anesthesia induced unconsciousness: insights from optogenetics and chemogenetics |
| title_fullStr | Recent advances in neural mechanism of general anesthesia induced unconsciousness: insights from optogenetics and chemogenetics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent advances in neural mechanism of general anesthesia induced unconsciousness: insights from optogenetics and chemogenetics |
| title_short | Recent advances in neural mechanism of general anesthesia induced unconsciousness: insights from optogenetics and chemogenetics |
| title_sort | recent advances in neural mechanism of general anesthesia induced unconsciousness insights from optogenetics and chemogenetics |
| topic | optogenetics chemogenetics general anesthesia wakefulness loss of righting reflex neural circuits |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1360864/full |
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