The States and Properties of Germanium in Sulfuric Acid Solution
In recent years, with the development of science and technology, the strategic position of germanium is becoming more and more important, and the global demand for germanium is also increasing. At present, there is no unified description of the existence form of germanium in solutions. Based on the...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/5/852 |
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| author | Leiting Song Haokai Di Ming Liang Yan Hong Yiner Zeng Kun Yang Libo Zhang |
| author_facet | Leiting Song Haokai Di Ming Liang Yan Hong Yiner Zeng Kun Yang Libo Zhang |
| author_sort | Leiting Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, with the development of science and technology, the strategic position of germanium is becoming more and more important, and the global demand for germanium is also increasing. At present, there is no unified description of the existence form of germanium in solutions. Based on the current mainstream acid leaching process of germanium, this paper studies the existing form and properties of germanium in sulfuric acid solutions. Through the characterization and analysis of Raman, FTIR, and XPS of three concentrations of pure germanium solution, it is clear that germanium mainly exists in the form of H<sub>2</sub>GeO<sub>3</sub> and some Ge<sup>4+</sup> in sulfuric acid solution. Through the Tyndall effect and zeta potential, it is determined that H<sub>2</sub>GeO<sub>3</sub> exists in the form of colloid in sulfuric acid solution. With the increase of germanium concentration, H<sub>2</sub>GeO<sub>3</sub> will polymerize in a sulfuric acid solution to form polygermanic acid, and the H<sub>2</sub>GeO<sub>3</sub> colloidal dispersion system becomes more stable. This study clarifies the existing form and properties of germanium in sulfuric acid solution, which is of great significance to the leaching extraction of germanium-containing materials and the development of the germanium industry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:30:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c7b1566b155a4ef8aa51f2b255efbf0d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:30:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-c7b1566b155a4ef8aa51f2b255efbf0d2023-11-18T02:26:44ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012023-04-0113585210.3390/met13050852The States and Properties of Germanium in Sulfuric Acid SolutionLeiting Song0Haokai Di1Ming Liang2Yan Hong3Yiner Zeng4Kun Yang5Libo Zhang6State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaIn recent years, with the development of science and technology, the strategic position of germanium is becoming more and more important, and the global demand for germanium is also increasing. At present, there is no unified description of the existence form of germanium in solutions. Based on the current mainstream acid leaching process of germanium, this paper studies the existing form and properties of germanium in sulfuric acid solutions. Through the characterization and analysis of Raman, FTIR, and XPS of three concentrations of pure germanium solution, it is clear that germanium mainly exists in the form of H<sub>2</sub>GeO<sub>3</sub> and some Ge<sup>4+</sup> in sulfuric acid solution. Through the Tyndall effect and zeta potential, it is determined that H<sub>2</sub>GeO<sub>3</sub> exists in the form of colloid in sulfuric acid solution. With the increase of germanium concentration, H<sub>2</sub>GeO<sub>3</sub> will polymerize in a sulfuric acid solution to form polygermanic acid, and the H<sub>2</sub>GeO<sub>3</sub> colloidal dispersion system becomes more stable. This study clarifies the existing form and properties of germanium in sulfuric acid solution, which is of great significance to the leaching extraction of germanium-containing materials and the development of the germanium industry.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/5/852germaniumsulfuric acid solutionexistence form and propertiesH<sub>2</sub>GeO<sub>3</sub> colloid |
| spellingShingle | Leiting Song Haokai Di Ming Liang Yan Hong Yiner Zeng Kun Yang Libo Zhang The States and Properties of Germanium in Sulfuric Acid Solution Metals germanium sulfuric acid solution existence form and properties H<sub>2</sub>GeO<sub>3</sub> colloid |
| title | The States and Properties of Germanium in Sulfuric Acid Solution |
| title_full | The States and Properties of Germanium in Sulfuric Acid Solution |
| title_fullStr | The States and Properties of Germanium in Sulfuric Acid Solution |
| title_full_unstemmed | The States and Properties of Germanium in Sulfuric Acid Solution |
| title_short | The States and Properties of Germanium in Sulfuric Acid Solution |
| title_sort | states and properties of germanium in sulfuric acid solution |
| topic | germanium sulfuric acid solution existence form and properties H<sub>2</sub>GeO<sub>3</sub> colloid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/5/852 |
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