Biochemical indices, gene expression, and SNPs associated with salinity adaptation in juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) as determined by comparative transcriptome analysis
Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) migrate from freshwater to saltwater, and incur developmental, physiological and molecular adaptations as the salinity changes. The molecular regulation for salinity adaptation in chum salmon is currently not well defined. In this study, 1-g salmon were cultured under...
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PeerJ Inc.
2022-09-01
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| author | Peilun Li Wei Liu Wanqiao Lu Jilong Wang |
| author_facet | Peilun Li Wei Liu Wanqiao Lu Jilong Wang |
| author_sort | Peilun Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) migrate from freshwater to saltwater, and incur developmental, physiological and molecular adaptations as the salinity changes. The molecular regulation for salinity adaptation in chum salmon is currently not well defined. In this study, 1-g salmon were cultured under 0 (control group, D0), 8‰ (D8), 16‰ (D16), and 24‰ (D24) salinity conditions for 42 days. Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase activities in the gill first increased and then decreased in response to higher salinity environments where D8 exhibited the highest Na+/K+ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase activity and D24 exhibited the lowest. Alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity was elevated in all salinity treatment groups relative to controls, while no significant difference in acid phosphatase (ACP) activity was observed across treatment groups. De novo transcriptome sequencing in the D0 and D24 groups using RNA-Seq analysis identified 187,836 unigenes, of which 2,143 were differentially expressed in response to environmental salinity (71 up-regulated and 2,072 down-regulated). A total of 56,020 putative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also identified. The growth, development, osmoregulation and maturation factors of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (nmdas) expressed in memory formation, as well as insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf-1) and igf-binding proteins (igfbps) were further investigated using targeted qRT-PCR. The lowest expression of all these genes occurred in the low salinity environments (D8 or D16), while their highest expression occurred in the high salinity environments (D24). These results provide preliminary insight into salinity adaptation in chum salmon and a foundation for the development of marker-assisted breeding for this species. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-c7b8ac89bcfd4984b94375363e723e8e2023-12-03T11:03:56ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592022-09-0110e1358510.7717/peerj.13585Biochemical indices, gene expression, and SNPs associated with salinity adaptation in juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) as determined by comparative transcriptome analysisPeilun Li0Wei Liu1Wanqiao Lu2Jilong Wang3Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, ChinaHeilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, ChinaHeilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, ChinaHeilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, ChinaChum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) migrate from freshwater to saltwater, and incur developmental, physiological and molecular adaptations as the salinity changes. The molecular regulation for salinity adaptation in chum salmon is currently not well defined. In this study, 1-g salmon were cultured under 0 (control group, D0), 8‰ (D8), 16‰ (D16), and 24‰ (D24) salinity conditions for 42 days. Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase activities in the gill first increased and then decreased in response to higher salinity environments where D8 exhibited the highest Na+/K+ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase activity and D24 exhibited the lowest. Alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity was elevated in all salinity treatment groups relative to controls, while no significant difference in acid phosphatase (ACP) activity was observed across treatment groups. De novo transcriptome sequencing in the D0 and D24 groups using RNA-Seq analysis identified 187,836 unigenes, of which 2,143 were differentially expressed in response to environmental salinity (71 up-regulated and 2,072 down-regulated). A total of 56,020 putative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also identified. The growth, development, osmoregulation and maturation factors of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (nmdas) expressed in memory formation, as well as insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf-1) and igf-binding proteins (igfbps) were further investigated using targeted qRT-PCR. The lowest expression of all these genes occurred in the low salinity environments (D8 or D16), while their highest expression occurred in the high salinity environments (D24). These results provide preliminary insight into salinity adaptation in chum salmon and a foundation for the development of marker-assisted breeding for this species.https://peerj.com/articles/13585.pdfChum salmonBiochemical indicesTranscriptomicsSalinityDifferential expressed genes |
| spellingShingle | Peilun Li Wei Liu Wanqiao Lu Jilong Wang Biochemical indices, gene expression, and SNPs associated with salinity adaptation in juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) as determined by comparative transcriptome analysis PeerJ Chum salmon Biochemical indices Transcriptomics Salinity Differential expressed genes |
| title | Biochemical indices, gene expression, and SNPs associated with salinity adaptation in juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) as determined by comparative transcriptome analysis |
| title_full | Biochemical indices, gene expression, and SNPs associated with salinity adaptation in juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) as determined by comparative transcriptome analysis |
| title_fullStr | Biochemical indices, gene expression, and SNPs associated with salinity adaptation in juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) as determined by comparative transcriptome analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biochemical indices, gene expression, and SNPs associated with salinity adaptation in juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) as determined by comparative transcriptome analysis |
| title_short | Biochemical indices, gene expression, and SNPs associated with salinity adaptation in juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) as determined by comparative transcriptome analysis |
| title_sort | biochemical indices gene expression and snps associated with salinity adaptation in juvenile chum salmon oncorhynchus keta as determined by comparative transcriptome analysis |
| topic | Chum salmon Biochemical indices Transcriptomics Salinity Differential expressed genes |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/13585.pdf |
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