Modulatory Effects of A1 Milk, A2 Milk, Soy, and Egg Proteins on Gut Microbiota and Fermentation
Milk can be divided into A1 and A2 types according to β-casein variants, and there is a debate about whether A1 milk consumption exacerbates gut environments. This study examined the cecum microbiota and fermentation in mice fed A1 casein, A2 casein, mixed casein (commercial casein), soy protein iso...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/5/1194 |
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| author | Nuomin Riyang Baek Takeshi Tsuruta Naoki Nishino |
| author_facet | Nuomin Riyang Baek Takeshi Tsuruta Naoki Nishino |
| author_sort | Nuomin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Milk can be divided into A1 and A2 types according to β-casein variants, and there is a debate about whether A1 milk consumption exacerbates gut environments. This study examined the cecum microbiota and fermentation in mice fed A1 casein, A2 casein, mixed casein (commercial casein), soy protein isolate, and egg white. The cecum acetic acid concentration was higher, and the relative abundances of Muribaculaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae were greater in mice fed A1 versus A2 casein. The other parameters of cecum fermentation and microbiota composition were similar among the mice fed A1, A2, and mixed caseins. The differences were more distinctive among the three caseins, soy, and egg feedings. Chao 1 and Shannon indices of the cecum microbiota were lowered in egg white-fed mice, and the microbiota of mice fed milk, soy, and egg proteins were separately grouped by principal coordinate analysis. Mice fed the three caseins were characterized by a high abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Clostridiaceae, those fed soy were characterized by Corynebacteriaceae, Muribaculaceae, and Ruminococcaceae, and those fed egg white were characterized by Eggerthellaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae. Thus, although several differences can arise between A1 and A2 caseins in terms of their modulatory effects on gut environments, the differences between milk, soy, and egg proteins can be more distinctive and are worth further consideration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:28:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c7be992bd8d0453fb4aa3c5400f6b016 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:28:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-c7be992bd8d0453fb4aa3c5400f6b0162023-11-18T02:33:11ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-05-01115119410.3390/microorganisms11051194Modulatory Effects of A1 Milk, A2 Milk, Soy, and Egg Proteins on Gut Microbiota and FermentationNuomin0Riyang Baek1Takeshi Tsuruta2Naoki Nishino3Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, JapanDepartment of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, JapanDepartment of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, JapanDepartment of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, JapanMilk can be divided into A1 and A2 types according to β-casein variants, and there is a debate about whether A1 milk consumption exacerbates gut environments. This study examined the cecum microbiota and fermentation in mice fed A1 casein, A2 casein, mixed casein (commercial casein), soy protein isolate, and egg white. The cecum acetic acid concentration was higher, and the relative abundances of Muribaculaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae were greater in mice fed A1 versus A2 casein. The other parameters of cecum fermentation and microbiota composition were similar among the mice fed A1, A2, and mixed caseins. The differences were more distinctive among the three caseins, soy, and egg feedings. Chao 1 and Shannon indices of the cecum microbiota were lowered in egg white-fed mice, and the microbiota of mice fed milk, soy, and egg proteins were separately grouped by principal coordinate analysis. Mice fed the three caseins were characterized by a high abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Clostridiaceae, those fed soy were characterized by Corynebacteriaceae, Muribaculaceae, and Ruminococcaceae, and those fed egg white were characterized by Eggerthellaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae. Thus, although several differences can arise between A1 and A2 caseins in terms of their modulatory effects on gut environments, the differences between milk, soy, and egg proteins can be more distinctive and are worth further consideration.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/5/1194A1 milkA2 milkcaseinegggut microbiotamice |
| spellingShingle | Nuomin Riyang Baek Takeshi Tsuruta Naoki Nishino Modulatory Effects of A1 Milk, A2 Milk, Soy, and Egg Proteins on Gut Microbiota and Fermentation Microorganisms A1 milk A2 milk casein egg gut microbiota mice |
| title | Modulatory Effects of A1 Milk, A2 Milk, Soy, and Egg Proteins on Gut Microbiota and Fermentation |
| title_full | Modulatory Effects of A1 Milk, A2 Milk, Soy, and Egg Proteins on Gut Microbiota and Fermentation |
| title_fullStr | Modulatory Effects of A1 Milk, A2 Milk, Soy, and Egg Proteins on Gut Microbiota and Fermentation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modulatory Effects of A1 Milk, A2 Milk, Soy, and Egg Proteins on Gut Microbiota and Fermentation |
| title_short | Modulatory Effects of A1 Milk, A2 Milk, Soy, and Egg Proteins on Gut Microbiota and Fermentation |
| title_sort | modulatory effects of a1 milk a2 milk soy and egg proteins on gut microbiota and fermentation |
| topic | A1 milk A2 milk casein egg gut microbiota mice |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/5/1194 |
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