Variability and properties of liquid-dominated clouds over the ice-free and sea-ice-covered Arctic Ocean
<p>Due to their potential to either warm or cool the surface, liquid-phase clouds and their interaction with the ice-free and sea-ice-covered ocean largely determine the energy budget and surface temperature in the Arctic. Here, we use airborne measurements of solar spectral cloud reflectivity...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/15289/2023/acp-23-15289-2023.pdf |
| _version_ | 1827584494725496832 |
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| author | M. Klingebiel A. Ehrlich E. Ruiz-Donoso N. Risse I. Schirmacher E. Jäkel M. Schäfer K. Wolf M. Mech M. Moser M. Moser C. Voigt C. Voigt M. Wendisch |
| author_facet | M. Klingebiel A. Ehrlich E. Ruiz-Donoso N. Risse I. Schirmacher E. Jäkel M. Schäfer K. Wolf M. Mech M. Moser M. Moser C. Voigt C. Voigt M. Wendisch |
| author_sort | M. Klingebiel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Due to their potential to either warm or cool the surface, liquid-phase clouds and their interaction with the ice-free and sea-ice-covered ocean largely determine the energy budget and surface temperature in the Arctic. Here, we use airborne measurements of solar spectral cloud reflectivity obtained during the Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) campaign in summer 2017 and the Arctic Amplification: FLUXes in the Cloudy Atmospheric Boundary Layer (AFLUX) campaign in spring 2019 in the vicinity of Svalbard to retrieve microphysical properties of liquid-phase clouds. The retrieval was tailored to provide consistent results over sea-ice and open-ocean surfaces. Clouds including ice crystals that significantly bias the retrieval results were filtered from the analysis. A comparison with in situ measurements shows good agreement with the retrieved effective radii and an overestimation of the liquid water path and reduced agreement for boundary-layer clouds with varying fractions of ice water content. Considering these limitations, retrieved microphysical properties of clouds observed over the ice-free ocean and sea ice in spring and early summer in the Arctic are compared. In early summer, the liquid-phase clouds have a larger median effective radius (9.5 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>m), optical thickness (11.8) and effective liquid water path (72.3 g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span>) compared to spring conditions (8.7 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>m, 8.3 and 51.8 g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span>, respectively). The results show larger cloud droplets over the ice-free Arctic Ocean compared to sea ice in spring and early summer caused mainly by the temperature differences in the surfaces and related convection processes. Due to their larger droplet sizes, the liquid clouds over the ice-free ocean have slightly reduced optical thicknesses and lower liquid water contents compared to the sea-ice surface conditions. The comprehensive dataset on microphysical properties of Arctic liquid-phase clouds is publicly available and could, e.g., help to constrain models or be used to investigate effects of liquid-phase clouds on the radiation budget.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:31:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c7d7f719b72a4079aa533ae66509ffea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:31:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-c7d7f719b72a4079aa533ae66509ffea2023-12-14T14:39:22ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242023-12-0123152891530410.5194/acp-23-15289-2023Variability and properties of liquid-dominated clouds over the ice-free and sea-ice-covered Arctic OceanM. Klingebiel0A. Ehrlich1E. Ruiz-Donoso2N. Risse3I. Schirmacher4E. Jäkel5M. Schäfer6K. Wolf7M. Mech8M. Moser9M. Moser10C. Voigt11C. Voigt12M. Wendisch13Leipziger Institut für Meteorologie (LIM), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyLeipziger Institut für Meteorologie (LIM), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyLeipziger Institut für Meteorologie (LIM), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyInstitut für Geophysik und Meteorologie (IGM), Universität zu Köln, Cologne, GermanyInstitut für Geophysik und Meteorologie (IGM), Universität zu Köln, Cologne, GermanyLeipziger Institut für Meteorologie (LIM), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyLeipziger Institut für Meteorologie (LIM), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyInstitut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Paris, FranceInstitut für Geophysik und Meteorologie (IGM), Universität zu Köln, Cologne, GermanyInstitut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Wessling, GermanyInstitut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, GermanyInstitut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Wessling, GermanyInstitut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, GermanyLeipziger Institut für Meteorologie (LIM), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany<p>Due to their potential to either warm or cool the surface, liquid-phase clouds and their interaction with the ice-free and sea-ice-covered ocean largely determine the energy budget and surface temperature in the Arctic. Here, we use airborne measurements of solar spectral cloud reflectivity obtained during the Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) campaign in summer 2017 and the Arctic Amplification: FLUXes in the Cloudy Atmospheric Boundary Layer (AFLUX) campaign in spring 2019 in the vicinity of Svalbard to retrieve microphysical properties of liquid-phase clouds. The retrieval was tailored to provide consistent results over sea-ice and open-ocean surfaces. Clouds including ice crystals that significantly bias the retrieval results were filtered from the analysis. A comparison with in situ measurements shows good agreement with the retrieved effective radii and an overestimation of the liquid water path and reduced agreement for boundary-layer clouds with varying fractions of ice water content. Considering these limitations, retrieved microphysical properties of clouds observed over the ice-free ocean and sea ice in spring and early summer in the Arctic are compared. In early summer, the liquid-phase clouds have a larger median effective radius (9.5 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>m), optical thickness (11.8) and effective liquid water path (72.3 g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span>) compared to spring conditions (8.7 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>m, 8.3 and 51.8 g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span>, respectively). The results show larger cloud droplets over the ice-free Arctic Ocean compared to sea ice in spring and early summer caused mainly by the temperature differences in the surfaces and related convection processes. Due to their larger droplet sizes, the liquid clouds over the ice-free ocean have slightly reduced optical thicknesses and lower liquid water contents compared to the sea-ice surface conditions. The comprehensive dataset on microphysical properties of Arctic liquid-phase clouds is publicly available and could, e.g., help to constrain models or be used to investigate effects of liquid-phase clouds on the radiation budget.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/15289/2023/acp-23-15289-2023.pdf |
| spellingShingle | M. Klingebiel A. Ehrlich E. Ruiz-Donoso N. Risse I. Schirmacher E. Jäkel M. Schäfer K. Wolf M. Mech M. Moser M. Moser C. Voigt C. Voigt M. Wendisch Variability and properties of liquid-dominated clouds over the ice-free and sea-ice-covered Arctic Ocean Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Variability and properties of liquid-dominated clouds over the ice-free and sea-ice-covered Arctic Ocean |
| title_full | Variability and properties of liquid-dominated clouds over the ice-free and sea-ice-covered Arctic Ocean |
| title_fullStr | Variability and properties of liquid-dominated clouds over the ice-free and sea-ice-covered Arctic Ocean |
| title_full_unstemmed | Variability and properties of liquid-dominated clouds over the ice-free and sea-ice-covered Arctic Ocean |
| title_short | Variability and properties of liquid-dominated clouds over the ice-free and sea-ice-covered Arctic Ocean |
| title_sort | variability and properties of liquid dominated clouds over the ice free and sea ice covered arctic ocean |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/15289/2023/acp-23-15289-2023.pdf |
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