Colorimetric Phosphate Detection Using Organic DFB Laser Based Absorption Spectroscopy

A novel compact laser absorption spectrometer is developed for colorimetric detection. We demonstrate the realization of the system as well as example measurements of phosphate in water samples based on the malachite green (MG) method. A phosphate concentration range of <inline-formula><mat...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Thilo Pudleiner, Elias Sutter, Jörg Knyrim, Christian Karnutsch
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-11-01
Series:Micromachines
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/12/1492
Description
Summary:A novel compact laser absorption spectrometer is developed for colorimetric detection. We demonstrate the realization of the system as well as example measurements of phosphate in water samples based on the malachite green (MG) method. A phosphate concentration range of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mg</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>31.25</mn><mo> </mo><mrow><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> (which corresponds to a molar concentration range of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>10.5</mn><mo> </mo><mrow><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi><mi>mol</mi></mrow><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>329</mn><mo> </mo><mi>nmol</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) is investigated. This photometer demonstrates the ease of integration of organic distributed feedback (DFB) lasers and their miniaturizability, leading the way toward optofluidic on-chip absorption spectrometers. We constructed an optically pumped organic second-order DFB laser on a transparent substrate, including a transparent encapsulation layer, to have access to both emission directions of the surface-emitting laser. Using the two different surface emission directions of the laser resonator allows monitoring of the emitted light intensity without using additional optical elements. Based on these advances, it is possible to miniaturize the measurement setup of a laser absorption spectrometer and to measure analytes, such as phosphate.
ISSN:2072-666X