A Tutorial on 3GPP Initial Cell Search: Exploring a Potential for Intelligence Based Cell Search
This tutorial guides the reader through the open literature on the aspect of Initial Cell Search (ICS) in both Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems perspectives with a special focus on the DownLink (DL), where the ICS represents the v...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IEEE
2021-01-01
|
| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9475997/ |
| _version_ | 1827962865548525568 |
|---|---|
| author | Seunghwan Won Sang Won Choi |
| author_facet | Seunghwan Won Sang Won Choi |
| author_sort | Seunghwan Won |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This tutorial guides the reader through the open literature on the aspect of Initial Cell Search (ICS) in both Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems perspectives with a special focus on the DownLink (DL), where the ICS represents the very first operational stage of commercial mobile station modem’s always-on mobility. There is no comprehensive up-to-date tutorial of the ICSs encompassing 3G, 4G, and 5G systems. Hence, we review the ICS-related operations which have been proposed for Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA), Time Division-Synchronous CDMA (TD-SCDMA), Long Term Evolution Frequency Division Duplex (LTE-FDD), and Time Division LTE (TD-LTE) from the point of view of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard and implementation. In the case of TD-SCDMA, there is no in-depth literature illustrating the details of ICS. Therefore, this tutorial aims to fill the related gap in the literature. As an evolution from the operational systems, we also shed light on the ICS being employed in New Radio (NR) system operating at sub-6 GHz and provide insight into interesting and challenging technical issues in millimeter-Wave spectrum bands, which is an ultimate foundation to be deployed in the full-scale NR system. Furthermore, we exemplify entire cell search operations over diverse spectrum bands and elucidate intelligent ways of designing multi-mode mobile station modem in a systematic manner. A taxonomy diagram also classifies three main targets constituting ICS procedures in 3G, 4G, and 5G systems. It is expected that this tutorial is beneficial not only for academic researchers but also for practical modem development engineers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:49:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c7e25c86552241349420af2d895d31e5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:49:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-c7e25c86552241349420af2d895d31e52023-04-21T23:00:32ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362021-01-01910022310026310.1109/ACCESS.2021.30953469475997A Tutorial on 3GPP Initial Cell Search: Exploring a Potential for Intelligence Based Cell SearchSeunghwan Won0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3001-5823Sang Won Choi1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8853Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Southampton Malaysia (UoSM), Iskandar Puteri, Johor, MalaysiaDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaThis tutorial guides the reader through the open literature on the aspect of Initial Cell Search (ICS) in both Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems perspectives with a special focus on the DownLink (DL), where the ICS represents the very first operational stage of commercial mobile station modem’s always-on mobility. There is no comprehensive up-to-date tutorial of the ICSs encompassing 3G, 4G, and 5G systems. Hence, we review the ICS-related operations which have been proposed for Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA), Time Division-Synchronous CDMA (TD-SCDMA), Long Term Evolution Frequency Division Duplex (LTE-FDD), and Time Division LTE (TD-LTE) from the point of view of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard and implementation. In the case of TD-SCDMA, there is no in-depth literature illustrating the details of ICS. Therefore, this tutorial aims to fill the related gap in the literature. As an evolution from the operational systems, we also shed light on the ICS being employed in New Radio (NR) system operating at sub-6 GHz and provide insight into interesting and challenging technical issues in millimeter-Wave spectrum bands, which is an ultimate foundation to be deployed in the full-scale NR system. Furthermore, we exemplify entire cell search operations over diverse spectrum bands and elucidate intelligent ways of designing multi-mode mobile station modem in a systematic manner. A taxonomy diagram also classifies three main targets constituting ICS procedures in 3G, 4G, and 5G systems. It is expected that this tutorial is beneficial not only for academic researchers but also for practical modem development engineers.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9475997/Initial cell searchLTE-FDDmulti-mode mobile station modemnew radioMillimeter-wavesynchronization |
| spellingShingle | Seunghwan Won Sang Won Choi A Tutorial on 3GPP Initial Cell Search: Exploring a Potential for Intelligence Based Cell Search IEEE Access Initial cell search LTE-FDD multi-mode mobile station modem new radio Millimeter-wave synchronization |
| title | A Tutorial on 3GPP Initial Cell Search: Exploring a Potential for Intelligence Based Cell Search |
| title_full | A Tutorial on 3GPP Initial Cell Search: Exploring a Potential for Intelligence Based Cell Search |
| title_fullStr | A Tutorial on 3GPP Initial Cell Search: Exploring a Potential for Intelligence Based Cell Search |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Tutorial on 3GPP Initial Cell Search: Exploring a Potential for Intelligence Based Cell Search |
| title_short | A Tutorial on 3GPP Initial Cell Search: Exploring a Potential for Intelligence Based Cell Search |
| title_sort | tutorial on 3gpp initial cell search exploring a potential for intelligence based cell search |
| topic | Initial cell search LTE-FDD multi-mode mobile station modem new radio Millimeter-wave synchronization |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9475997/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT seunghwanwon atutorialon3gppinitialcellsearchexploringapotentialforintelligencebasedcellsearch AT sangwonchoi atutorialon3gppinitialcellsearchexploringapotentialforintelligencebasedcellsearch AT seunghwanwon tutorialon3gppinitialcellsearchexploringapotentialforintelligencebasedcellsearch AT sangwonchoi tutorialon3gppinitialcellsearchexploringapotentialforintelligencebasedcellsearch |