| Ամփոփում: | Diabetes, a prevalent metabolic condition with a wide range of complications, is fast becoming a global health crisis. Herbal medicine and enhanced extracts are some of the therapeutic options used in the management of diabetes mellitus. The plant-derived molecules and their suitable structure modification have given many leads or drugs to the world such as metformin used as an antidiabetic drug. The stem extract of <i>Sclerocarya birrea</i> has been reported as a potent antidiabetic (glucose uptake) agent. However, the bioactive compounds have not been reported from <i>S. birrea</i> for treatment of diabetes. In this study, the spray-dried aqueous leaf extracts of <i>S. birrea</i> were investigated as an antidiabetic agent using a 2-deoxy-glucose (2DG) technique showing good stimulatory effect on glucose uptake in differentiated C2C12 myocytes with % 2DG uptake ranging from 110–180% that was comparable to the positive control insulin. Three compounds were isolated and identified using bioassay-guided fractionation of the spray-dried aqueous extract of <i>S. birrea</i> leaves: myricetin (<b>1</b>), myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide (<b>2</b>) and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide (<b>3</b>). Their chemical structures were determined using NMR and mass spectrometric analyses, as well as a comparison of experimentally obtained data to those reported in the literature. The isolated compounds (<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>) were studied for their stimulatory actions on glucose uptake in differentiated C2C12 myocytes. The three compounds (<b>1</b>, <b>2</b> and <b>3</b>) showed stimulatory effects on the uptake of 2DG in C2C12 myocytes with % 2DG uptake ranging from 43.9–109.1% that was better compared to the positive control insulin. Additionally, this is the first report of the flavonoid glycosides (myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide) for antidiabetic activity and they are the main bioactive compound in the extract responsible for the antidiabetic activity. This result suggests that the <i>S. birrea</i> leaves have the potential to be developed for treatment of diabetes.
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