Improved Hydrological Loading Models in South America: Analysis of GPS Displacements Using M-SSA
Environmental loading, in particular from continental water storage changes, induces geodetic station displacements up to several centimeters for the vertical components. We investigate surface deformation due to loading processes in South America using a set of 247 permanent GPS (Global Positioning...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/9/1605 |
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| author | Joëlle Nicolas Jérôme Verdun Jean-Paul Boy Louis Bonhomme Ayoub Asri Adélie Corbeau Antoine Berthier Frédéric Durand Peter Clarke |
| author_facet | Joëlle Nicolas Jérôme Verdun Jean-Paul Boy Louis Bonhomme Ayoub Asri Adélie Corbeau Antoine Berthier Frédéric Durand Peter Clarke |
| author_sort | Joëlle Nicolas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Environmental loading, in particular from continental water storage changes, induces geodetic station displacements up to several centimeters for the vertical components. We investigate surface deformation due to loading processes in South America using a set of 247 permanent GPS (Global Positioning System) stations for the 2003–2016 period and compare them to loading estimates from global circulation models. Unfortunately, some of the hydrological components, and in particular surface waters, may be missing in hydrological models. This is especially an issue in South America where almost half of the seasonal water storage variations are due to surface water changes, e.g., rivers and floodplains. We derive river storage variations by rerouting runoffs of global hydrology models, allowing a better agreement with the mass variations observed from GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) mission. We extract coherent seasonal GPS displacements using Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis (M-SSA) and show that modeling the river storage induced loading effects significantly improve the agreement between observed vertical and horizontal displacements and loading models. Such an agreement has been markedly achieved in the Amazon basin. Whilst the initial models only explained half of the amplitude of GPS, the new ones compensate for these gaps and remain consistent with GRACE. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:09:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c7f10aada1ac430e9aebfbd586e40437 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:09:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-c7f10aada1ac430e9aebfbd586e404372023-11-21T16:25:16ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922021-04-01139160510.3390/rs13091605Improved Hydrological Loading Models in South America: Analysis of GPS Displacements Using M-SSAJoëlle Nicolas0Jérôme Verdun1Jean-Paul Boy2Louis Bonhomme3Ayoub Asri4Adélie Corbeau5Antoine Berthier6Frédéric Durand7Peter Clarke8Laboratoire Géomatique et Foncier (EA 4630), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, École Supérieure d’ingénieurs Géomètres Topographes, 1 Boulevard Pythagore, 72000 Le Mans, FranceLaboratoire Géomatique et Foncier (EA 4630), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, École Supérieure d’ingénieurs Géomètres Topographes, 1 Boulevard Pythagore, 72000 Le Mans, FranceEOST-ITES (UMR 7063—Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ENGEES), 5 Rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg, FranceLaboratoire Géomatique et Foncier (EA 4630), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, École Supérieure d’ingénieurs Géomètres Topographes, 1 Boulevard Pythagore, 72000 Le Mans, FranceLaboratoire Géomatique et Foncier (EA 4630), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, École Supérieure d’ingénieurs Géomètres Topographes, 1 Boulevard Pythagore, 72000 Le Mans, FranceLaboratoire Géomatique et Foncier (EA 4630), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, École Supérieure d’ingénieurs Géomètres Topographes, 1 Boulevard Pythagore, 72000 Le Mans, FranceLaboratoire Géomatique et Foncier (EA 4630), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, École Supérieure d’ingénieurs Géomètres Topographes, 1 Boulevard Pythagore, 72000 Le Mans, FranceLaboratoire Géomatique et Foncier (EA 4630), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, École Supérieure d’ingénieurs Géomètres Topographes, 1 Boulevard Pythagore, 72000 Le Mans, FranceSchool of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UKEnvironmental loading, in particular from continental water storage changes, induces geodetic station displacements up to several centimeters for the vertical components. We investigate surface deformation due to loading processes in South America using a set of 247 permanent GPS (Global Positioning System) stations for the 2003–2016 period and compare them to loading estimates from global circulation models. Unfortunately, some of the hydrological components, and in particular surface waters, may be missing in hydrological models. This is especially an issue in South America where almost half of the seasonal water storage variations are due to surface water changes, e.g., rivers and floodplains. We derive river storage variations by rerouting runoffs of global hydrology models, allowing a better agreement with the mass variations observed from GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) mission. We extract coherent seasonal GPS displacements using Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis (M-SSA) and show that modeling the river storage induced loading effects significantly improve the agreement between observed vertical and horizontal displacements and loading models. Such an agreement has been markedly achieved in the Amazon basin. Whilst the initial models only explained half of the amplitude of GPS, the new ones compensate for these gaps and remain consistent with GRACE.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/9/1605GPSenvironmental loadingMultichannel Singular Spectrum AnalysisSouth America |
| spellingShingle | Joëlle Nicolas Jérôme Verdun Jean-Paul Boy Louis Bonhomme Ayoub Asri Adélie Corbeau Antoine Berthier Frédéric Durand Peter Clarke Improved Hydrological Loading Models in South America: Analysis of GPS Displacements Using M-SSA Remote Sensing GPS environmental loading Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis South America |
| title | Improved Hydrological Loading Models in South America: Analysis of GPS Displacements Using M-SSA |
| title_full | Improved Hydrological Loading Models in South America: Analysis of GPS Displacements Using M-SSA |
| title_fullStr | Improved Hydrological Loading Models in South America: Analysis of GPS Displacements Using M-SSA |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improved Hydrological Loading Models in South America: Analysis of GPS Displacements Using M-SSA |
| title_short | Improved Hydrological Loading Models in South America: Analysis of GPS Displacements Using M-SSA |
| title_sort | improved hydrological loading models in south america analysis of gps displacements using m ssa |
| topic | GPS environmental loading Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis South America |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/9/1605 |
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