Differential Regulation of Maize and Sorghum Orthologs in Response to the Fungal Pathogen Exserohilum turcicum
Pathogens that infect more than one host offer an opportunity to study how resistance mechanisms have evolved across different species. Exserohilum turcicum infects both maize and sorghum and the isolates are host-specific, offering a unique system to examine both compatible and incompatible interac...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.675208/full |
| _version_ | 1831681472287735808 |
|---|---|
| author | Pragya Adhikari Santiago X. Mideros Tiffany M. Jamann |
| author_facet | Pragya Adhikari Santiago X. Mideros Tiffany M. Jamann |
| author_sort | Pragya Adhikari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pathogens that infect more than one host offer an opportunity to study how resistance mechanisms have evolved across different species. Exserohilum turcicum infects both maize and sorghum and the isolates are host-specific, offering a unique system to examine both compatible and incompatible interactions. We conducted transcriptional analysis of maize and sorghum in response to maize-specific and sorghum-specific E. turcicum isolates and identified functionally related co-expressed modules. Maize had a more robust transcriptional response than sorghum. E. turcicum responsive genes were enriched in core orthologs in both crops, but only up to 16% of core orthologs showed conserved expression patterns. Most changes in gene expression for the core orthologs, including hub genes, were lineage specific, suggesting a role for regulatory divergent evolution. We identified several defense-related shared differentially expressed (DE) orthologs with conserved expression patterns between the two crops, suggesting a role for parallel evolution of those genes in both crops. Many of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the incompatible interaction were related to quantitative disease resistance (QDR). This work offers insights into how different hosts with relatively recent divergence interact with a common pathogen. Our results are important for developing resistance to this critical pathogen and understanding the evolution of host-pathogen interactions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T05:57:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c7f7f6febbaa411592009daa470cd0d8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T05:57:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-c7f7f6febbaa411592009daa470cd0d82022-12-21T19:50:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2021-05-011210.3389/fpls.2021.675208675208Differential Regulation of Maize and Sorghum Orthologs in Response to the Fungal Pathogen Exserohilum turcicumPragya AdhikariSantiago X. MiderosTiffany M. JamannPathogens that infect more than one host offer an opportunity to study how resistance mechanisms have evolved across different species. Exserohilum turcicum infects both maize and sorghum and the isolates are host-specific, offering a unique system to examine both compatible and incompatible interactions. We conducted transcriptional analysis of maize and sorghum in response to maize-specific and sorghum-specific E. turcicum isolates and identified functionally related co-expressed modules. Maize had a more robust transcriptional response than sorghum. E. turcicum responsive genes were enriched in core orthologs in both crops, but only up to 16% of core orthologs showed conserved expression patterns. Most changes in gene expression for the core orthologs, including hub genes, were lineage specific, suggesting a role for regulatory divergent evolution. We identified several defense-related shared differentially expressed (DE) orthologs with conserved expression patterns between the two crops, suggesting a role for parallel evolution of those genes in both crops. Many of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the incompatible interaction were related to quantitative disease resistance (QDR). This work offers insights into how different hosts with relatively recent divergence interact with a common pathogen. Our results are important for developing resistance to this critical pathogen and understanding the evolution of host-pathogen interactions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.675208/fullquantitative disease resistancetranscriptomehost resistancemaize (Zea mays L.)sorghumExserohilum turcicum |
| spellingShingle | Pragya Adhikari Santiago X. Mideros Tiffany M. Jamann Differential Regulation of Maize and Sorghum Orthologs in Response to the Fungal Pathogen Exserohilum turcicum Frontiers in Plant Science quantitative disease resistance transcriptome host resistance maize (Zea mays L.) sorghum Exserohilum turcicum |
| title | Differential Regulation of Maize and Sorghum Orthologs in Response to the Fungal Pathogen Exserohilum turcicum |
| title_full | Differential Regulation of Maize and Sorghum Orthologs in Response to the Fungal Pathogen Exserohilum turcicum |
| title_fullStr | Differential Regulation of Maize and Sorghum Orthologs in Response to the Fungal Pathogen Exserohilum turcicum |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differential Regulation of Maize and Sorghum Orthologs in Response to the Fungal Pathogen Exserohilum turcicum |
| title_short | Differential Regulation of Maize and Sorghum Orthologs in Response to the Fungal Pathogen Exserohilum turcicum |
| title_sort | differential regulation of maize and sorghum orthologs in response to the fungal pathogen exserohilum turcicum |
| topic | quantitative disease resistance transcriptome host resistance maize (Zea mays L.) sorghum Exserohilum turcicum |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.675208/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pragyaadhikari differentialregulationofmaizeandsorghumorthologsinresponsetothefungalpathogenexserohilumturcicum AT santiagoxmideros differentialregulationofmaizeandsorghumorthologsinresponsetothefungalpathogenexserohilumturcicum AT tiffanymjamann differentialregulationofmaizeandsorghumorthologsinresponsetothefungalpathogenexserohilumturcicum |