Fascial Innervation: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Currently, myofascial pain has become one of the main problems in healthcare systems. Research into its causes and the structures related to it may help to improve its management. Until some years ago, all the studies were focused on muscle alterations, as trigger points, but recently, fasciae are s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/10/5674 |
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| author | Vidina Suarez-Rodriguez Caterina Fede Carmelo Pirri Lucia Petrelli Juan Francisco Loro-Ferrer David Rodriguez-Ruiz Raffaele De Caro Carla Stecco |
| author_facet | Vidina Suarez-Rodriguez Caterina Fede Carmelo Pirri Lucia Petrelli Juan Francisco Loro-Ferrer David Rodriguez-Ruiz Raffaele De Caro Carla Stecco |
| author_sort | Vidina Suarez-Rodriguez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Currently, myofascial pain has become one of the main problems in healthcare systems. Research into its causes and the structures related to it may help to improve its management. Until some years ago, all the studies were focused on muscle alterations, as trigger points, but recently, fasciae are starting to be considered a new, possible source of pain. This systematic review has been conducted for the purpose of analyze the current evidence of the muscular/deep fasciae innervation from a histological and/or immunohistochemical point of view. A literature search published between 2000 and 2021 was made in PubMed and Google Scholar. Search terms included a combination of fascia, innervation, immunohistochemical, and different immunohistochemical markers. Of the 23 total studies included in the review, five studies were performed in rats, four in mice, two in horses, ten in humans, and two in both humans and rats. There were a great variety of immunohistochemical markers used to detect the innervation of the fasciae; the most used were Protein Gene Marker 9.5 (used in twelve studies), Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (ten studies), S100 (ten studies), substance P (seven studies), and tyrosine hydroxylase (six studies). Various areas have been studied, with the thoracolumbar fascia being the most observed. Besides, the papers highlighted diversity in the density and type of innervation in the various fasciae, going from free nerve endings to Pacini and Ruffini corpuscles. Finally, it has been observed that the innervation is increased in the pathological fasciae. From this review, it is evident that fasciae are well innerved, their innervation have a particular distribution and precise localization and is composed especially by proprioceptors and nociceptors, the latter being more numerous in pathological situations. This could contribute to a better comprehension and management of pain. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:43:50Z |
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| id | doaj.art-c7fcb02e2ebe41a48b58409c9d2967af |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:43:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c7fcb02e2ebe41a48b58409c9d2967af2023-11-23T11:26:38ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-05-012310567410.3390/ijms23105674Fascial Innervation: A Systematic Review of the LiteratureVidina Suarez-Rodriguez0Caterina Fede1Carmelo Pirri2Lucia Petrelli3Juan Francisco Loro-Ferrer4David Rodriguez-Ruiz5Raffaele De Caro6Carla Stecco7Doctorate School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainDepartment of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainDepartment of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainDepartment of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, ItalyCurrently, myofascial pain has become one of the main problems in healthcare systems. Research into its causes and the structures related to it may help to improve its management. Until some years ago, all the studies were focused on muscle alterations, as trigger points, but recently, fasciae are starting to be considered a new, possible source of pain. This systematic review has been conducted for the purpose of analyze the current evidence of the muscular/deep fasciae innervation from a histological and/or immunohistochemical point of view. A literature search published between 2000 and 2021 was made in PubMed and Google Scholar. Search terms included a combination of fascia, innervation, immunohistochemical, and different immunohistochemical markers. Of the 23 total studies included in the review, five studies were performed in rats, four in mice, two in horses, ten in humans, and two in both humans and rats. There were a great variety of immunohistochemical markers used to detect the innervation of the fasciae; the most used were Protein Gene Marker 9.5 (used in twelve studies), Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (ten studies), S100 (ten studies), substance P (seven studies), and tyrosine hydroxylase (six studies). Various areas have been studied, with the thoracolumbar fascia being the most observed. Besides, the papers highlighted diversity in the density and type of innervation in the various fasciae, going from free nerve endings to Pacini and Ruffini corpuscles. Finally, it has been observed that the innervation is increased in the pathological fasciae. From this review, it is evident that fasciae are well innerved, their innervation have a particular distribution and precise localization and is composed especially by proprioceptors and nociceptors, the latter being more numerous in pathological situations. This could contribute to a better comprehension and management of pain.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/10/5674fasciainnervationnociceptorpain |
| spellingShingle | Vidina Suarez-Rodriguez Caterina Fede Carmelo Pirri Lucia Petrelli Juan Francisco Loro-Ferrer David Rodriguez-Ruiz Raffaele De Caro Carla Stecco Fascial Innervation: A Systematic Review of the Literature International Journal of Molecular Sciences fascia innervation nociceptor pain |
| title | Fascial Innervation: A Systematic Review of the Literature |
| title_full | Fascial Innervation: A Systematic Review of the Literature |
| title_fullStr | Fascial Innervation: A Systematic Review of the Literature |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fascial Innervation: A Systematic Review of the Literature |
| title_short | Fascial Innervation: A Systematic Review of the Literature |
| title_sort | fascial innervation a systematic review of the literature |
| topic | fascia innervation nociceptor pain |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/10/5674 |
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