Leaf Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i>) Germplasm Resources Showed Diverse Characteristics in Agro-Morphological Traits and Glucosinolate Levels
Leaf mustard, characterized by its purple/red/green leaves with a green/white midrib, is known for its thick, tender, and spicy leaves with a unique taste and flavor. There were only a few studies reported on leaf mustard for its morphological and biochemical traits from Korea. A total of 355 leaf m...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| author | Awraris Derbie Assefa Seong-Hoon Kim Ho Chul Ko Nayoung Ro Parthiban Subramanian Yun-Jo Chung Yong-Hyuk Lee Bum-Soo Hahn Ju-Hee Rhee |
| author_facet | Awraris Derbie Assefa Seong-Hoon Kim Ho Chul Ko Nayoung Ro Parthiban Subramanian Yun-Jo Chung Yong-Hyuk Lee Bum-Soo Hahn Ju-Hee Rhee |
| author_sort | Awraris Derbie Assefa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Leaf mustard, characterized by its purple/red/green leaves with a green/white midrib, is known for its thick, tender, and spicy leaves with a unique taste and flavor. There were only a few studies reported on leaf mustard for its morphological and biochemical traits from Korea. A total of 355 leaf mustard accessions stored at the GenBank of the National Agrobiodiversity Center were evaluated for 25 agro-morphological traits and seven intact glucosinolates (GSLs). The accessions showed a wide variation in terms of most of the traits. The quantitative agro-morphological traits varied from 16.0 (leaf length) to 48.7% (petiole width) of the coefficient of variation (CV). The highest variation was observed in glucoiberin (299.5%, CV), while the total GSL showed a CV of 66.1%. Sinigrin, followed by gluconapin and gluconasturtiin, was the most abundant GSL, accounting for as high as 75% of the total GSLs, while glucobrassicanapin and glucoiberin were the least abundant, contributing 0.7% and 0.1% on average, respectively. Sinigrin had a positive significant correlation with all GSLs but gluconasturtiin, while glucobarbarin and gluconasturtiin were highly positively correlated to each other, but least correlated with other GSLs. The leaf length was negatively correlated with sinigrin and glucoiberin. The width of the petiole showed a positive correlation with gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, and glucobrassicin, while the length of the petiole had a negative correlation with sinigrin, glucobrassicanapin, glucoiberin, glucobrassicin, and the total GSLs. A higher width of the midrib was associated with higher contents of gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, and glucobrassicin. A PCA analysis based on the agro-morphological traits showed that the first and second principal components accounted for 65.2% of the overall variability. Accessions that form a head tend to exhibit a longer leaf length, a larger plant weight, a thicker midrib, and higher widths of the midrib, petiole, and leaf. The GSLs showed inconsistent inter-and intra-leaf variation. Accessions that identified for various traits in their performance, such as, for example, Yeosu66 and IT259487 (highest total glucosinolates) and IT228984 (highest plant weight), would be promising lines for developing new varieties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:51:13Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:51:13Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-c7ff968ceeef4f968416ce46746a2bf32023-12-08T15:15:56ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-12-011223437410.3390/foods12234374Leaf Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i>) Germplasm Resources Showed Diverse Characteristics in Agro-Morphological Traits and Glucosinolate LevelsAwraris Derbie Assefa0Seong-Hoon Kim1Ho Chul Ko2Nayoung Ro3Parthiban Subramanian4Yun-Jo Chung5Yong-Hyuk Lee6Bum-Soo Hahn7Ju-Hee Rhee8National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of KoreaNational Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of KoreaNational Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of KoreaNational Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of KoreaNational Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of KoreaNational Creative Research Laboratory for Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling Network, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of KoreaAgricultural Technology Center of Yeosu, Yeosu 59633, Republic of KoreaNational Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of KoreaNational Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of KoreaLeaf mustard, characterized by its purple/red/green leaves with a green/white midrib, is known for its thick, tender, and spicy leaves with a unique taste and flavor. There were only a few studies reported on leaf mustard for its morphological and biochemical traits from Korea. A total of 355 leaf mustard accessions stored at the GenBank of the National Agrobiodiversity Center were evaluated for 25 agro-morphological traits and seven intact glucosinolates (GSLs). The accessions showed a wide variation in terms of most of the traits. The quantitative agro-morphological traits varied from 16.0 (leaf length) to 48.7% (petiole width) of the coefficient of variation (CV). The highest variation was observed in glucoiberin (299.5%, CV), while the total GSL showed a CV of 66.1%. Sinigrin, followed by gluconapin and gluconasturtiin, was the most abundant GSL, accounting for as high as 75% of the total GSLs, while glucobrassicanapin and glucoiberin were the least abundant, contributing 0.7% and 0.1% on average, respectively. Sinigrin had a positive significant correlation with all GSLs but gluconasturtiin, while glucobarbarin and gluconasturtiin were highly positively correlated to each other, but least correlated with other GSLs. The leaf length was negatively correlated with sinigrin and glucoiberin. The width of the petiole showed a positive correlation with gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, and glucobrassicin, while the length of the petiole had a negative correlation with sinigrin, glucobrassicanapin, glucoiberin, glucobrassicin, and the total GSLs. A higher width of the midrib was associated with higher contents of gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, and glucobrassicin. A PCA analysis based on the agro-morphological traits showed that the first and second principal components accounted for 65.2% of the overall variability. Accessions that form a head tend to exhibit a longer leaf length, a larger plant weight, a thicker midrib, and higher widths of the midrib, petiole, and leaf. The GSLs showed inconsistent inter-and intra-leaf variation. Accessions that identified for various traits in their performance, such as, for example, Yeosu66 and IT259487 (highest total glucosinolates) and IT228984 (highest plant weight), would be promising lines for developing new varieties.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/23/4374agro-morphological charactersdiversityglucosinolatesleaf mustard |
| spellingShingle | Awraris Derbie Assefa Seong-Hoon Kim Ho Chul Ko Nayoung Ro Parthiban Subramanian Yun-Jo Chung Yong-Hyuk Lee Bum-Soo Hahn Ju-Hee Rhee Leaf Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i>) Germplasm Resources Showed Diverse Characteristics in Agro-Morphological Traits and Glucosinolate Levels Foods agro-morphological characters diversity glucosinolates leaf mustard |
| title | Leaf Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i>) Germplasm Resources Showed Diverse Characteristics in Agro-Morphological Traits and Glucosinolate Levels |
| title_full | Leaf Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i>) Germplasm Resources Showed Diverse Characteristics in Agro-Morphological Traits and Glucosinolate Levels |
| title_fullStr | Leaf Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i>) Germplasm Resources Showed Diverse Characteristics in Agro-Morphological Traits and Glucosinolate Levels |
| title_full_unstemmed | Leaf Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i>) Germplasm Resources Showed Diverse Characteristics in Agro-Morphological Traits and Glucosinolate Levels |
| title_short | Leaf Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i>) Germplasm Resources Showed Diverse Characteristics in Agro-Morphological Traits and Glucosinolate Levels |
| title_sort | leaf mustard i brassica juncea i germplasm resources showed diverse characteristics in agro morphological traits and glucosinolate levels |
| topic | agro-morphological characters diversity glucosinolates leaf mustard |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/23/4374 |
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