Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye: Biopharmaceutic and Pharmacokinetic Considerations
The treatment of the posterior-segment ocular diseases, such as age-related eye diseases (AMD) or diabetic retinopathy (DR), present a challenge for ophthalmologists due to the complex anatomy and physiology of the eye. This specialized organ is composed of various static and dynamic barriers that r...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/12/3/269 |
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| author | Rubén Varela-Fernández Victoria Díaz-Tomé Andrea Luaces-Rodríguez Andrea Conde-Penedo Xurxo García-Otero Asteria Luzardo-Álvarez Anxo Fernández-Ferreiro Francisco J. Otero-Espinar |
| author_facet | Rubén Varela-Fernández Victoria Díaz-Tomé Andrea Luaces-Rodríguez Andrea Conde-Penedo Xurxo García-Otero Asteria Luzardo-Álvarez Anxo Fernández-Ferreiro Francisco J. Otero-Espinar |
| author_sort | Rubén Varela-Fernández |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The treatment of the posterior-segment ocular diseases, such as age-related eye diseases (AMD) or diabetic retinopathy (DR), present a challenge for ophthalmologists due to the complex anatomy and physiology of the eye. This specialized organ is composed of various static and dynamic barriers that restrict drug delivery into the target site of action. Despite numerous efforts, effective intraocular drug delivery remains unresolved and, therefore, it is highly desirable to improve the current treatments of diseases affecting the posterior cavity. This review article gives an overview of pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutics aspects for the most commonly-used ocular administration routes (intravitreal, topical, systemic, and periocular), including information of the absorption, distribution, and elimination, as well as the benefits and limitations of each one. This article also encompasses different conventional and novel drug delivery systems designed and developed to improve drug pharmacokinetics intended for the posterior ocular segment treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T06:23:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c812ef98945f4b819330a7ad7e35a147 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T06:23:33Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-c812ef98945f4b819330a7ad7e35a1472022-12-22T01:59:16ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232020-03-0112326910.3390/pharmaceutics12030269pharmaceutics12030269Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye: Biopharmaceutic and Pharmacokinetic ConsiderationsRubén Varela-Fernández0Victoria Díaz-Tomé1Andrea Luaces-Rodríguez2Andrea Conde-Penedo3Xurxo García-Otero4Asteria Luzardo-Álvarez5Anxo Fernández-Ferreiro6Francisco J. Otero-Espinar7Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, SpainThe treatment of the posterior-segment ocular diseases, such as age-related eye diseases (AMD) or diabetic retinopathy (DR), present a challenge for ophthalmologists due to the complex anatomy and physiology of the eye. This specialized organ is composed of various static and dynamic barriers that restrict drug delivery into the target site of action. Despite numerous efforts, effective intraocular drug delivery remains unresolved and, therefore, it is highly desirable to improve the current treatments of diseases affecting the posterior cavity. This review article gives an overview of pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutics aspects for the most commonly-used ocular administration routes (intravitreal, topical, systemic, and periocular), including information of the absorption, distribution, and elimination, as well as the benefits and limitations of each one. This article also encompasses different conventional and novel drug delivery systems designed and developed to improve drug pharmacokinetics intended for the posterior ocular segment treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/12/3/269ocular pharmacokineticsocular drug delivery systemsocular routes of drug administrationintravitreal administrationtopical administration |
| spellingShingle | Rubén Varela-Fernández Victoria Díaz-Tomé Andrea Luaces-Rodríguez Andrea Conde-Penedo Xurxo García-Otero Asteria Luzardo-Álvarez Anxo Fernández-Ferreiro Francisco J. Otero-Espinar Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye: Biopharmaceutic and Pharmacokinetic Considerations Pharmaceutics ocular pharmacokinetics ocular drug delivery systems ocular routes of drug administration intravitreal administration topical administration |
| title | Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye: Biopharmaceutic and Pharmacokinetic Considerations |
| title_full | Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye: Biopharmaceutic and Pharmacokinetic Considerations |
| title_fullStr | Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye: Biopharmaceutic and Pharmacokinetic Considerations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye: Biopharmaceutic and Pharmacokinetic Considerations |
| title_short | Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye: Biopharmaceutic and Pharmacokinetic Considerations |
| title_sort | drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye biopharmaceutic and pharmacokinetic considerations |
| topic | ocular pharmacokinetics ocular drug delivery systems ocular routes of drug administration intravitreal administration topical administration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/12/3/269 |
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