| Summary: | <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> L. is traditionally used as both medicine and food in Taiwan. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotection bioactivities of <i>P. emblica</i> fruit. <i>P. emblica</i> fruit extracts had a high content of total phenol and flavonoids, and chlorogenic acids. For antioxidant capacity, 95% ethanol-extracted <i>P. emblica</i> had the best DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferrous ion chelating ability, and reducing power as compared with hot water, 50% ethanol, and commercial extracts, and showed the highest reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition. The present results have demonstrated that the <i>P. emblica</i> extracts can protect the oxidative degradation of lipids by inhibiting FeCl<sub>3</sub>-ascorbate-mediated lipid peroxidation. For anti-inflammatory activity, <i>P. emblica</i> fruit extracts showed dose-dependent inhibition of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and significantly high COX-2 inhibition. For neuroprotection bioactivity, <i>P. emblica</i> extracts had higher percentages of pheochromocytoma cell protection than commercial extracts. Hot water and ethanol extracts showed higher percentages of PC12 cell protection than commercial extracts. <i>P. emblica</i> hydroalcoholic extracts had a neuroprotective effect against oxidative damage, which could be due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. <i>P. emblica</i> extracts could be used in daily health beverages, foods, and cosmetic products.
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