Composition of mucus- and digesta-associated bacteria in growing pigs with and without diarrhea differed according to the presence of colonic inflammation
Abstract Background In the pig production, diarrhea can occur during different growth stages including the period 4–16 weeks post weaning, during which a diarrheal outbreak also termed as colitis-complex diarrhea (CCD) can occur and it is distinct from post-weaning diarrhea (1–2 weeks post weaning)....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-05-01
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| Series: | BMC Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-02874-1 |
| _version_ | 1797823038672076800 |
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| author | Farhad M. Panah Charlotte Lauridsen Ole Højberg Henrik Elvang Jensen Tina Skau Nielsen |
| author_facet | Farhad M. Panah Charlotte Lauridsen Ole Højberg Henrik Elvang Jensen Tina Skau Nielsen |
| author_sort | Farhad M. Panah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background In the pig production, diarrhea can occur during different growth stages including the period 4–16 weeks post weaning, during which a diarrheal outbreak also termed as colitis-complex diarrhea (CCD) can occur and it is distinct from post-weaning diarrhea (1–2 weeks post weaning). We hypothesized that CCD in growing pigs is associated with changes in colonic microbiota composition and fermentation patterns, and the aim of the present observational study was to identify changes in digesta-associated bacteria (DAB) and mucus-associated bacteria (MAB) in the colon of growing pigs with and without diarrhea. A total number of 30 pigs (8, 11, and 12 weeks of age) were selected; 20 showed clinical signs of diarrhea and 10 appeared healthy. Based on histopathological examination of colonic tissues, 21 pigs were selected for further studies and classified as follows: without diarrhea, no colon inflammation (NoDiar; n = 5), with diarrhea, without colonic inflammation (DiarNoInfl; n = 4), and with diarrhea, with colonic inflammation (DiarInfl; n = 12). Composition (based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) and fermentation pattern (short-chain fatty acids; SCFA profile) of the DAB and MAB communities were characterized. Results The DAB showed higher alpha diversity compared to MAB in all pigs, and both DAB and MAB showed lowest alpha diversity in the DiarNoInfl group. Beta diversity was significantly different between DAB and MAB as well as between diarrheal groups in both DAB and MAB. Compared to NoDiar, DiarInfl showed increased abundance of various taxa, incl. certain pathogens, in both digesta and mucus, as well as decreased digesta butyrate concentration. However, DiarNoInfl showed reduced abundance of different genera (mainly Firmicutes) compared to NoDiar, but still lower butyrate concentration. Conclusion Diversity and composition of MAB and DAB changed in diarrheal groups depending on presence/absence of colonic inflammation. We also suggest that DiarNoInfl group was at the earlier stage of diarrhea compared with DiarInfl, with a link to dysbiosis of colonic bacterial composition as well as reduced butyrate concentration, which plays a pivotal role in gut health. This could have led to diarrhea with inflammation due to a dysbiosis, associated with an increase in e.g., Escherichia-Shigella (Proteobacteria), Helicobacter (Campylobacterota), and Bifidobacterium (Actinobacteriota), which may tolerate or utilize oxygen and cause epithelial hypoxia and inflammation. The increased consumption of oxygen in epithelial mucosal layer by infiltrated neutrophils may also have added up to this hypoxia. Overall, the results confirmed that changes in DAB and MAB were associated with CCD and reduced butyrate concentration in digesta. Moreover, DAB might suffice for future community-based studies of CCD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:17:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c8176b80b4fc436a8dfa37670ac12054 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2180 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:17:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c8176b80b4fc436a8dfa37670ac120542023-05-21T11:10:08ZengBMCBMC Microbiology1471-21802023-05-0123111810.1186/s12866-023-02874-1Composition of mucus- and digesta-associated bacteria in growing pigs with and without diarrhea differed according to the presence of colonic inflammationFarhad M. Panah0Charlotte Lauridsen1Ole Højberg2Henrik Elvang Jensen3Tina Skau Nielsen4Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus UniversityDepartment of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus UniversityDepartment of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus UniversityDepartment of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of CopenhagenDepartment of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus UniversityAbstract Background In the pig production, diarrhea can occur during different growth stages including the period 4–16 weeks post weaning, during which a diarrheal outbreak also termed as colitis-complex diarrhea (CCD) can occur and it is distinct from post-weaning diarrhea (1–2 weeks post weaning). We hypothesized that CCD in growing pigs is associated with changes in colonic microbiota composition and fermentation patterns, and the aim of the present observational study was to identify changes in digesta-associated bacteria (DAB) and mucus-associated bacteria (MAB) in the colon of growing pigs with and without diarrhea. A total number of 30 pigs (8, 11, and 12 weeks of age) were selected; 20 showed clinical signs of diarrhea and 10 appeared healthy. Based on histopathological examination of colonic tissues, 21 pigs were selected for further studies and classified as follows: without diarrhea, no colon inflammation (NoDiar; n = 5), with diarrhea, without colonic inflammation (DiarNoInfl; n = 4), and with diarrhea, with colonic inflammation (DiarInfl; n = 12). Composition (based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) and fermentation pattern (short-chain fatty acids; SCFA profile) of the DAB and MAB communities were characterized. Results The DAB showed higher alpha diversity compared to MAB in all pigs, and both DAB and MAB showed lowest alpha diversity in the DiarNoInfl group. Beta diversity was significantly different between DAB and MAB as well as between diarrheal groups in both DAB and MAB. Compared to NoDiar, DiarInfl showed increased abundance of various taxa, incl. certain pathogens, in both digesta and mucus, as well as decreased digesta butyrate concentration. However, DiarNoInfl showed reduced abundance of different genera (mainly Firmicutes) compared to NoDiar, but still lower butyrate concentration. Conclusion Diversity and composition of MAB and DAB changed in diarrheal groups depending on presence/absence of colonic inflammation. We also suggest that DiarNoInfl group was at the earlier stage of diarrhea compared with DiarInfl, with a link to dysbiosis of colonic bacterial composition as well as reduced butyrate concentration, which plays a pivotal role in gut health. This could have led to diarrhea with inflammation due to a dysbiosis, associated with an increase in e.g., Escherichia-Shigella (Proteobacteria), Helicobacter (Campylobacterota), and Bifidobacterium (Actinobacteriota), which may tolerate or utilize oxygen and cause epithelial hypoxia and inflammation. The increased consumption of oxygen in epithelial mucosal layer by infiltrated neutrophils may also have added up to this hypoxia. Overall, the results confirmed that changes in DAB and MAB were associated with CCD and reduced butyrate concentration in digesta. Moreover, DAB might suffice for future community-based studies of CCD.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-02874-1Gut healthPig gut microbiotaColonic inflammationColitisDiarrheaGrowing diarrhea |
| spellingShingle | Farhad M. Panah Charlotte Lauridsen Ole Højberg Henrik Elvang Jensen Tina Skau Nielsen Composition of mucus- and digesta-associated bacteria in growing pigs with and without diarrhea differed according to the presence of colonic inflammation BMC Microbiology Gut health Pig gut microbiota Colonic inflammation Colitis Diarrhea Growing diarrhea |
| title | Composition of mucus- and digesta-associated bacteria in growing pigs with and without diarrhea differed according to the presence of colonic inflammation |
| title_full | Composition of mucus- and digesta-associated bacteria in growing pigs with and without diarrhea differed according to the presence of colonic inflammation |
| title_fullStr | Composition of mucus- and digesta-associated bacteria in growing pigs with and without diarrhea differed according to the presence of colonic inflammation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Composition of mucus- and digesta-associated bacteria in growing pigs with and without diarrhea differed according to the presence of colonic inflammation |
| title_short | Composition of mucus- and digesta-associated bacteria in growing pigs with and without diarrhea differed according to the presence of colonic inflammation |
| title_sort | composition of mucus and digesta associated bacteria in growing pigs with and without diarrhea differed according to the presence of colonic inflammation |
| topic | Gut health Pig gut microbiota Colonic inflammation Colitis Diarrhea Growing diarrhea |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-02874-1 |
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