Energetic protons at Mars: interpretation of SLED/Phobos-2 observations by a kinetic model
Mars has neither a significant global intrinsic magnetic field nor a dense atmosphere. Therefore, solar energetic particles (SEPs) from the Sun can penetrate close to the planet (under some circumstances reaching the surface). On 13 March 1989 the SLED instrument aboard the Phobos-2 spacecraft r...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2012-11-01
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| Series: | Annales Geophysicae |
| Online Access: | https://www.ann-geophys.net/30/1595/2012/angeo-30-1595-2012.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811261208188157952 |
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| author | E. Kallio S. McKenna-Lawlor M. Alho R. Jarvinen S. Dyadechkin V. V. Afonin |
| author_facet | E. Kallio S. McKenna-Lawlor M. Alho R. Jarvinen S. Dyadechkin V. V. Afonin |
| author_sort | E. Kallio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mars has neither a significant global intrinsic magnetic field nor a dense
atmosphere. Therefore, solar energetic particles (SEPs) from the Sun can
penetrate close to the planet (under some circumstances reaching the
surface). On 13 March 1989 the SLED instrument aboard the Phobos-2
spacecraft recorded the presence of SEPs near Mars while traversing a
circular orbit (at 2.8 <I>R</I><sub>M</sub>). In the present study the response of the
Martian plasma environment to SEP impingement on 13 March was simulated
using a kinetic model. The electric and magnetic fields were derived using a
3-D self-consistent hybrid model (HYB-Mars) where ions are modelled as
particles while electrons form a massless charge neutralizing fluid. The
case study shows that the model successfully reproduced several of the
observed features of the in situ observations: (1) a flux
enhancement near the inbound bow shock, (2) the formation of a magnetic
shadow where the energetic particle flux was decreased relative to its solar
wind values, (3) the energy dependency of the flux enhancement near the bow
shock and (4) how the size of the magnetic shadow depends on the incident
particle energy. Overall, it is demonstrated that the Martian magnetic field
environment resulting from the Mars–solar wind interaction significantly
modulated the Martian energetic particle environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:00:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c81f286106944c299f203c60fb58779c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0992-7689 1432-0576 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:00:05Z |
| publishDate | 2012-11-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Annales Geophysicae |
| spelling | doaj.art-c81f286106944c299f203c60fb58779c2022-12-22T03:20:12ZengCopernicus PublicationsAnnales Geophysicae0992-76891432-05762012-11-01301595160910.5194/angeo-30-1595-2012Energetic protons at Mars: interpretation of SLED/Phobos-2 observations by a kinetic modelE. Kallio0S. McKenna-Lawlor1M. Alho2R. Jarvinen3S. Dyadechkin4V. V. Afonin5Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, FinlandSpace Technology Ireland, Maynooth Co., Kildare, IrelandFinnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, FinlandFinnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, FinlandFinnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, FinlandSpace Research Institute, Moscow, RussiaMars has neither a significant global intrinsic magnetic field nor a dense atmosphere. Therefore, solar energetic particles (SEPs) from the Sun can penetrate close to the planet (under some circumstances reaching the surface). On 13 March 1989 the SLED instrument aboard the Phobos-2 spacecraft recorded the presence of SEPs near Mars while traversing a circular orbit (at 2.8 <I>R</I><sub>M</sub>). In the present study the response of the Martian plasma environment to SEP impingement on 13 March was simulated using a kinetic model. The electric and magnetic fields were derived using a 3-D self-consistent hybrid model (HYB-Mars) where ions are modelled as particles while electrons form a massless charge neutralizing fluid. The case study shows that the model successfully reproduced several of the observed features of the in situ observations: (1) a flux enhancement near the inbound bow shock, (2) the formation of a magnetic shadow where the energetic particle flux was decreased relative to its solar wind values, (3) the energy dependency of the flux enhancement near the bow shock and (4) how the size of the magnetic shadow depends on the incident particle energy. Overall, it is demonstrated that the Martian magnetic field environment resulting from the Mars–solar wind interaction significantly modulated the Martian energetic particle environment.https://www.ann-geophys.net/30/1595/2012/angeo-30-1595-2012.pdf |
| spellingShingle | E. Kallio S. McKenna-Lawlor M. Alho R. Jarvinen S. Dyadechkin V. V. Afonin Energetic protons at Mars: interpretation of SLED/Phobos-2 observations by a kinetic model Annales Geophysicae |
| title | Energetic protons at Mars: interpretation of SLED/Phobos-2 observations by a kinetic model |
| title_full | Energetic protons at Mars: interpretation of SLED/Phobos-2 observations by a kinetic model |
| title_fullStr | Energetic protons at Mars: interpretation of SLED/Phobos-2 observations by a kinetic model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energetic protons at Mars: interpretation of SLED/Phobos-2 observations by a kinetic model |
| title_short | Energetic protons at Mars: interpretation of SLED/Phobos-2 observations by a kinetic model |
| title_sort | energetic protons at mars interpretation of sled phobos 2 observations by a kinetic model |
| url | https://www.ann-geophys.net/30/1595/2012/angeo-30-1595-2012.pdf |
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