The Impact of Public, Private, and Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures on Under-Five Mortality in Malaysia
Health financing in Malaysia is intensely subsidised by public funding and is increasingly sourced by household out-of-pocket financing, yet the under-five mortality rate has been gradually increasing in the last decade. In this context, this study aims to investigate the relationship between public...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Healthcare |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/3/589 |
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| author | Renuka Devi Logarajan Norashidah Mohamed Nor Abdalla Sirag Rusmawati Said Saifuzzaman Ibrahim |
| author_facet | Renuka Devi Logarajan Norashidah Mohamed Nor Abdalla Sirag Rusmawati Said Saifuzzaman Ibrahim |
| author_sort | Renuka Devi Logarajan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Health financing in Malaysia is intensely subsidised by public funding and is increasingly sourced by household out-of-pocket financing, yet the under-five mortality rate has been gradually increasing in the last decade. In this context, this study aims to investigate the relationship between public, private, and out-of-pocket health expenditures and the under-five mortality rate in Malaysia using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimation technique, whereby critical test values are recalculated using the response surface method for a time-series data of 22 years. The findings reveal that out-of-pocket health expenditure deteriorates the under-five mortality rate in Malaysia, while public and private health expenditures are statistically insignificant. Therefore, an effective health financing safety net may be an option to ensure an imperative child health outcome. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:46:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c82e1ab9b9bf47509b9dfbfc0035896c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9032 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:46:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Healthcare |
| spelling | doaj.art-c82e1ab9b9bf47509b9dfbfc0035896c2023-11-24T01:23:58ZengMDPI AGHealthcare2227-90322022-03-0110358910.3390/healthcare10030589The Impact of Public, Private, and Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures on Under-Five Mortality in MalaysiaRenuka Devi Logarajan0Norashidah Mohamed Nor1Abdalla Sirag2Rusmawati Said3Saifuzzaman Ibrahim4School of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaSchool of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaSchool of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaSchool of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaSchool of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaHealth financing in Malaysia is intensely subsidised by public funding and is increasingly sourced by household out-of-pocket financing, yet the under-five mortality rate has been gradually increasing in the last decade. In this context, this study aims to investigate the relationship between public, private, and out-of-pocket health expenditures and the under-five mortality rate in Malaysia using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimation technique, whereby critical test values are recalculated using the response surface method for a time-series data of 22 years. The findings reveal that out-of-pocket health expenditure deteriorates the under-five mortality rate in Malaysia, while public and private health expenditures are statistically insignificant. Therefore, an effective health financing safety net may be an option to ensure an imperative child health outcome.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/3/589childunder-fivehealth expenditurepublicprivateout-of-pocket |
| spellingShingle | Renuka Devi Logarajan Norashidah Mohamed Nor Abdalla Sirag Rusmawati Said Saifuzzaman Ibrahim The Impact of Public, Private, and Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures on Under-Five Mortality in Malaysia Healthcare child under-five health expenditure public private out-of-pocket |
| title | The Impact of Public, Private, and Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures on Under-Five Mortality in Malaysia |
| title_full | The Impact of Public, Private, and Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures on Under-Five Mortality in Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of Public, Private, and Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures on Under-Five Mortality in Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Public, Private, and Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures on Under-Five Mortality in Malaysia |
| title_short | The Impact of Public, Private, and Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures on Under-Five Mortality in Malaysia |
| title_sort | impact of public private and out of pocket health expenditures on under five mortality in malaysia |
| topic | child under-five health expenditure public private out-of-pocket |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/3/589 |
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