Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, Angiogenesis and Cancer
Human neutrophils, the most abundant circulating leukocytes, are fundamental components of the host response against different pathogens. Until a few years ago, neutrophils received limited attention in cancer immunology. Recently, it was discovered that both circulating, and tumor-associated, neutr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/2/431 |
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| author | Remo Poto Leonardo Cristinziano Luca Modestino Amato de Paulis Gianni Marone Stefania Loffredo Maria Rosaria Galdiero Gilda Varricchi |
| author_facet | Remo Poto Leonardo Cristinziano Luca Modestino Amato de Paulis Gianni Marone Stefania Loffredo Maria Rosaria Galdiero Gilda Varricchi |
| author_sort | Remo Poto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human neutrophils, the most abundant circulating leukocytes, are fundamental components of the host response against different pathogens. Until a few years ago, neutrophils received limited attention in cancer immunology. Recently, it was discovered that both circulating, and tumor-associated, neutrophils possess functional plasticity when exposed to various inflammatory stimuli and in the tumor microenvironment. Neutrophils and their mediators can exert several pro-tumor activities in cancer and promote metastasis through different mechanisms. Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in inflammation and tumor growth. Activated human neutrophils release several angiogenic factors [vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1), CXCL8, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9)] and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs promote tumor growth and metastasis formation through several mechanisms: they can awake dormant cancer cells, capture circulating tumor cells, coat and shield cancer cells, thus preventing CD8<sup>+</sup>- and natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity. ANGPTs released by endothelial and periendothelial mural cells induce platelet-activating factor (PAF) synthesis and neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. NETs can directly exert several proangiogenic activities in human endothelial cells and NETs induced by ANGPTs and PAF increase several aspects of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. A better understanding of the pathophysiological functions of NETs in cancer and angiogenesis could be of importance in the early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of tumors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:32:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c83573b5f74c41cab5230e48e84194e4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:32:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-c83573b5f74c41cab5230e48e84194e42023-11-23T18:55:28ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-02-0110243110.3390/biomedicines10020431Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, Angiogenesis and CancerRemo Poto0Leonardo Cristinziano1Luca Modestino2Amato de Paulis3Gianni Marone4Stefania Loffredo5Maria Rosaria Galdiero6Gilda Varricchi7Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, ItalyHuman neutrophils, the most abundant circulating leukocytes, are fundamental components of the host response against different pathogens. Until a few years ago, neutrophils received limited attention in cancer immunology. Recently, it was discovered that both circulating, and tumor-associated, neutrophils possess functional plasticity when exposed to various inflammatory stimuli and in the tumor microenvironment. Neutrophils and their mediators can exert several pro-tumor activities in cancer and promote metastasis through different mechanisms. Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in inflammation and tumor growth. Activated human neutrophils release several angiogenic factors [vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1), CXCL8, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9)] and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs promote tumor growth and metastasis formation through several mechanisms: they can awake dormant cancer cells, capture circulating tumor cells, coat and shield cancer cells, thus preventing CD8<sup>+</sup>- and natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity. ANGPTs released by endothelial and periendothelial mural cells induce platelet-activating factor (PAF) synthesis and neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. NETs can directly exert several proangiogenic activities in human endothelial cells and NETs induced by ANGPTs and PAF increase several aspects of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. A better understanding of the pathophysiological functions of NETs in cancer and angiogenesis could be of importance in the early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of tumors.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/2/431angiogenesisangiopoietincancerinflammationneutrophilneutrophil extracellular traps |
| spellingShingle | Remo Poto Leonardo Cristinziano Luca Modestino Amato de Paulis Gianni Marone Stefania Loffredo Maria Rosaria Galdiero Gilda Varricchi Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, Angiogenesis and Cancer Biomedicines angiogenesis angiopoietin cancer inflammation neutrophil neutrophil extracellular traps |
| title | Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, Angiogenesis and Cancer |
| title_full | Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, Angiogenesis and Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, Angiogenesis and Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, Angiogenesis and Cancer |
| title_short | Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, Angiogenesis and Cancer |
| title_sort | neutrophil extracellular traps angiogenesis and cancer |
| topic | angiogenesis angiopoietin cancer inflammation neutrophil neutrophil extracellular traps |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/2/431 |
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