Changes in Intestinal Permeability Ex Vivo and Immune Cell Activation by Three Commonly Used Emulsifiers
Food additives such as emulsifiers are used in increasing quantities in the food industry. The aim of this study was to compare three different emulsifiers (polysorbate 80 (P80), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and β-lactoglobulin (β-lac) with regards to their effect on the stimulation of immune cell...
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/24/5943 |
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| author | Elin Oscarsson Tim Lindberg Kathrin S. Zeller Malin Lindstedt Daniel Agardh Åsa Håkansson Karolina Östbring |
| author_facet | Elin Oscarsson Tim Lindberg Kathrin S. Zeller Malin Lindstedt Daniel Agardh Åsa Håkansson Karolina Östbring |
| author_sort | Elin Oscarsson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Food additives such as emulsifiers are used in increasing quantities in the food industry. The aim of this study was to compare three different emulsifiers (polysorbate 80 (P80), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and β-lactoglobulin (β-lac) with regards to their effect on the stimulation of immune cells and intestinal permeability. The immune stimulatory effects were studied in the myeloid cell line MUTZ-3-cells, while the change in intestinal permeability was studied in the Caco-2 cell line and ex vivo in the Ussing chamber system using small intestinal fragments from rats. The tested concentrations of the emulsifiers ranged from 0.02% up to 1%, which are concentrations commonly used in the food industry. The results showed that P80 affected both the myeloid cells and the intestinal permeability more than CMC (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and β-lac (<i>p</i> < 0.05) at the highest concentration. CMC was found to neither affect the permeability in the intestine nor the MUTZ-3 cells, while β-lac changed the permeability in the total part of the small intestine in rats. These findings indicate that P80 might be more cytotoxic compared to the other two emulsifiers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:03:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c83df69f64be4e67b7e2cbe798f1d3ab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:03:21Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-c83df69f64be4e67b7e2cbe798f1d3ab2023-11-21T00:55:51ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-12-012524594310.3390/molecules25245943Changes in Intestinal Permeability Ex Vivo and Immune Cell Activation by Three Commonly Used EmulsifiersElin Oscarsson0Tim Lindberg1Kathrin S. Zeller2Malin Lindstedt3Daniel Agardh4Åsa Håkansson5Karolina Östbring6The Diabetes and Celiac Disease Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 20213 Malmö, SwedenDepartment of Immunotechnology, Lund University, 22387 Lund, SwedenDepartment of Immunotechnology, Lund University, 22387 Lund, SwedenDepartment of Immunotechnology, Lund University, 22387 Lund, SwedenThe Diabetes and Celiac Disease Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 20213 Malmö, SwedenDepartment of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 22100 Lund, SwedenDepartment of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 22100 Lund, SwedenFood additives such as emulsifiers are used in increasing quantities in the food industry. The aim of this study was to compare three different emulsifiers (polysorbate 80 (P80), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and β-lactoglobulin (β-lac) with regards to their effect on the stimulation of immune cells and intestinal permeability. The immune stimulatory effects were studied in the myeloid cell line MUTZ-3-cells, while the change in intestinal permeability was studied in the Caco-2 cell line and ex vivo in the Ussing chamber system using small intestinal fragments from rats. The tested concentrations of the emulsifiers ranged from 0.02% up to 1%, which are concentrations commonly used in the food industry. The results showed that P80 affected both the myeloid cells and the intestinal permeability more than CMC (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and β-lac (<i>p</i> < 0.05) at the highest concentration. CMC was found to neither affect the permeability in the intestine nor the MUTZ-3 cells, while β-lac changed the permeability in the total part of the small intestine in rats. These findings indicate that P80 might be more cytotoxic compared to the other two emulsifiers.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/24/5943food emulsifiersussing chamberscaco-2intestinal permeabilitypolysorbate 80carboxymethyl cellulose |
| spellingShingle | Elin Oscarsson Tim Lindberg Kathrin S. Zeller Malin Lindstedt Daniel Agardh Åsa Håkansson Karolina Östbring Changes in Intestinal Permeability Ex Vivo and Immune Cell Activation by Three Commonly Used Emulsifiers Molecules food emulsifiers ussing chambers caco-2 intestinal permeability polysorbate 80 carboxymethyl cellulose |
| title | Changes in Intestinal Permeability Ex Vivo and Immune Cell Activation by Three Commonly Used Emulsifiers |
| title_full | Changes in Intestinal Permeability Ex Vivo and Immune Cell Activation by Three Commonly Used Emulsifiers |
| title_fullStr | Changes in Intestinal Permeability Ex Vivo and Immune Cell Activation by Three Commonly Used Emulsifiers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes in Intestinal Permeability Ex Vivo and Immune Cell Activation by Three Commonly Used Emulsifiers |
| title_short | Changes in Intestinal Permeability Ex Vivo and Immune Cell Activation by Three Commonly Used Emulsifiers |
| title_sort | changes in intestinal permeability ex vivo and immune cell activation by three commonly used emulsifiers |
| topic | food emulsifiers ussing chambers caco-2 intestinal permeability polysorbate 80 carboxymethyl cellulose |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/24/5943 |
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