Time difference between the 1854 CE Ansei–Tokai and Ansei–Nankai earthquakes estimated from distant tsunami waveforms on the west coast of North America
Abstract We estimated the time difference between the 1854 CE Ansei–Tokai and Ansei–Nankai earthquakes from tidal records of two tide gauge stations (San Francisco and San Diego) on the west coast of North America. The first signals of the Ansei–Tokai tsunami were apparent, whereas those of the Anse...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2022-01-01
|
| Series: | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-021-00458-z |
| _version_ | 1828146382112817152 |
|---|---|
| author | Satoshi Kusumoto Kentaro Imai Takane Hori |
| author_facet | Satoshi Kusumoto Kentaro Imai Takane Hori |
| author_sort | Satoshi Kusumoto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract We estimated the time difference between the 1854 CE Ansei–Tokai and Ansei–Nankai earthquakes from tidal records of two tide gauge stations (San Francisco and San Diego) on the west coast of North America. The first signals of the Ansei–Tokai tsunami were apparent, whereas those of the Ansei–Nankai tsunami were obscured by the later waves of the Ansei–Tokai tsunami. Waveforms of the Ansei–Nankai tsunami simulated with nonlinear dispersive wave theory by assuming an origin time of 07:00 GMT on 24 December arrived earlier than in the observations. The normalized root mean square and the misfit between the simulated and observed waveforms of the Ansei–Nankai tsunami showed a time difference between them of approximately 0.4 h. This finding suggests that the actual origin time of the Ansei–Nankai tsunami was approximately 07:24 GMT on 24 December. A previous study estimated the origin time of the Ansei–Tokai tsunami to be about 00:30 GMT on 23 December. Thus, we concluded that the time difference between the 1854 CE Ansei–Tokai and Ansei–Nankai tsunamis was 30.9 h. Despite the significant difference in the time resolution between the seasonal timekeeping system used in Japan in 1854 and waveform digitization, our result is roughly in agreement with historical descriptions of the tsunamis, suggesting that such information can be effectively used to determine the origin times of historical earthquakes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:45:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c84e8b4c18974641b554ffae3a625de5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2197-4284 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:45:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-c84e8b4c18974641b554ffae3a625de52022-12-22T04:04:02ZengSpringerOpenProgress in Earth and Planetary Science2197-42842022-01-019111010.1186/s40645-021-00458-zTime difference between the 1854 CE Ansei–Tokai and Ansei–Nankai earthquakes estimated from distant tsunami waveforms on the west coast of North AmericaSatoshi Kusumoto0Kentaro Imai1Takane Hori2Research Institute for Marine Geodynamics, Research and Development Center for Earthquake and Tsunami Forecasting, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and TechnologyResearch Institute for Marine Geodynamics, Research and Development Center for Earthquake and Tsunami Forecasting, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and TechnologyResearch Institute for Marine Geodynamics, Research and Development Center for Earthquake and Tsunami Forecasting, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and TechnologyAbstract We estimated the time difference between the 1854 CE Ansei–Tokai and Ansei–Nankai earthquakes from tidal records of two tide gauge stations (San Francisco and San Diego) on the west coast of North America. The first signals of the Ansei–Tokai tsunami were apparent, whereas those of the Ansei–Nankai tsunami were obscured by the later waves of the Ansei–Tokai tsunami. Waveforms of the Ansei–Nankai tsunami simulated with nonlinear dispersive wave theory by assuming an origin time of 07:00 GMT on 24 December arrived earlier than in the observations. The normalized root mean square and the misfit between the simulated and observed waveforms of the Ansei–Nankai tsunami showed a time difference between them of approximately 0.4 h. This finding suggests that the actual origin time of the Ansei–Nankai tsunami was approximately 07:24 GMT on 24 December. A previous study estimated the origin time of the Ansei–Tokai tsunami to be about 00:30 GMT on 23 December. Thus, we concluded that the time difference between the 1854 CE Ansei–Tokai and Ansei–Nankai tsunamis was 30.9 h. Despite the significant difference in the time resolution between the seasonal timekeeping system used in Japan in 1854 and waveform digitization, our result is roughly in agreement with historical descriptions of the tsunamis, suggesting that such information can be effectively used to determine the origin times of historical earthquakes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-021-00458-zHistorical earthquakesHistorical tsunamis1854 CE Ansei–Nankai tsunamiTime difference between Ansei–Tokai and Ansei–Nankai earthquakesHistorical materialsNumerical simulation of trans-Pacific tsunami |
| spellingShingle | Satoshi Kusumoto Kentaro Imai Takane Hori Time difference between the 1854 CE Ansei–Tokai and Ansei–Nankai earthquakes estimated from distant tsunami waveforms on the west coast of North America Progress in Earth and Planetary Science Historical earthquakes Historical tsunamis 1854 CE Ansei–Nankai tsunami Time difference between Ansei–Tokai and Ansei–Nankai earthquakes Historical materials Numerical simulation of trans-Pacific tsunami |
| title | Time difference between the 1854 CE Ansei–Tokai and Ansei–Nankai earthquakes estimated from distant tsunami waveforms on the west coast of North America |
| title_full | Time difference between the 1854 CE Ansei–Tokai and Ansei–Nankai earthquakes estimated from distant tsunami waveforms on the west coast of North America |
| title_fullStr | Time difference between the 1854 CE Ansei–Tokai and Ansei–Nankai earthquakes estimated from distant tsunami waveforms on the west coast of North America |
| title_full_unstemmed | Time difference between the 1854 CE Ansei–Tokai and Ansei–Nankai earthquakes estimated from distant tsunami waveforms on the west coast of North America |
| title_short | Time difference between the 1854 CE Ansei–Tokai and Ansei–Nankai earthquakes estimated from distant tsunami waveforms on the west coast of North America |
| title_sort | time difference between the 1854 ce ansei tokai and ansei nankai earthquakes estimated from distant tsunami waveforms on the west coast of north america |
| topic | Historical earthquakes Historical tsunamis 1854 CE Ansei–Nankai tsunami Time difference between Ansei–Tokai and Ansei–Nankai earthquakes Historical materials Numerical simulation of trans-Pacific tsunami |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-021-00458-z |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT satoshikusumoto timedifferencebetweenthe1854ceanseitokaiandanseinankaiearthquakesestimatedfromdistanttsunamiwaveformsonthewestcoastofnorthamerica AT kentaroimai timedifferencebetweenthe1854ceanseitokaiandanseinankaiearthquakesestimatedfromdistanttsunamiwaveformsonthewestcoastofnorthamerica AT takanehori timedifferencebetweenthe1854ceanseitokaiandanseinankaiearthquakesestimatedfromdistanttsunamiwaveformsonthewestcoastofnorthamerica |