Canine copper-associated hepatitis: A retrospective study of 17 clinical cases
Background: Copper-associated hepatitis (CAH) is a well-documented chronic hepatic disease in dogs. In some breeds, the disease results from an inherited defect in copper metabolism. In others, it is unclear whether its acummulation is a primary or secondary condition. Reports of copper accumulation...
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| Format: | Article |
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Tripoli University
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Open Veterinary Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/OVJ-2019-08-238%20A.%20Rodrigues%20et%20al.pdf |
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| author | Anthony Rodrigues Rodolfo O. Leal Maud Girod Claire Dally Emmanuel Guery Eymeric Gomes Juan Hernandez |
| author_facet | Anthony Rodrigues Rodolfo O. Leal Maud Girod Claire Dally Emmanuel Guery Eymeric Gomes Juan Hernandez |
| author_sort | Anthony Rodrigues |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Copper-associated hepatitis (CAH) is a well-documented chronic hepatic disease in dogs. In some breeds, the disease results from an inherited defect in copper metabolism. In others, it is unclear whether its acummulation is a primary or secondary condition. Reports of copper accumulation in dog breeds that are not genetically predisposed are increasing.
Aim: Describe the epidemiology, clinical and laboratory findings, liver biopsy techniques and treatment response in dogs with CAH.
Methods: A retrospective study was performed, drawing upon medical records from CAH dogs at a Veterinary Referral Hospital in Paris, France. The diagnosis of CAH had been confirmed in these patients by positive rhodanine staining of hepatic tissue obtained through biopsy. Medical records were mined for the following data: age at presentation, sex, breed, chief presenting complaints, abdominal ultrasound (US) findings and rhodanine staining pattern.
Results: A total of 17 dogs were included in the study. Median age at presentation was 8 years old (4-11). No sex predisposition was found. Terriers (4/17) and German Shepherd Dogs (GSD, 3/17) were overrepresented. American Staffordshire Terriers and Beauceron had not previously appeared in case reports on CAH; two of each breed were identified in this study. Clinical signs of affected dogs were non-specific. An incidental identification of increased liver-enzymes was observed in 5/17 dogs. A heterogeneous, mottled liver was frequently described (5/17) on abdominal US. Liver biopsies were performed by ultrasound-guided percutaneous approach in 10/17 dogs, laparoscopy and laparotomy in 6/17 and 1/17, respectively. The rhodanine staining pattern was centrilobular (zone 3) in 8/17 dogs and periportal (zone 1) in 3/17 dogs. The pattern was considered multifocal in 6/17 dogs.
Conclusion: Increased liver enzymes may be the only clinical finding in dogs with copper-associated hepatitis, reflecting the silent progression of this disease. Centrilobular pattern of rhodanine staining was observed in the majority of cases suggesting the primary condition of the disease. Results of this study are consistent with the current literature, which reports that terriers and GSD are predisposed to CAH. This is the first description of CAH in Beauceron and American Staffordshire Terrier dogs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T22:06:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c84f5222b363406d859e3df52c0f9c4d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-6050 2218-6050 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T22:06:21Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | Tripoli University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Open Veterinary Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-c84f5222b363406d859e3df52c0f9c4d2022-12-21T20:04:02ZengTripoli UniversityOpen Veterinary Journal2218-60502218-60502020-04-01102128134http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ovj.v10i2.2Canine copper-associated hepatitis: A retrospective study of 17 clinical casesAnthony Rodrigues0Rodolfo O. Leal1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2463-4062Maud Girod2Claire Dally3Emmanuel Guery4Eymeric Gomes5Juan Hernandez6Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, Arcueil, FranceCIISA – Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, PortugalDFCvet, Rennes, FranceLAPVSO – Laboratoire d’Anatomie Pathologique Vétérinaire du Sud-Ouest, Toulouse, FranceLAPVSO – Laboratoire d’Anatomie Pathologique Vétérinaire du Sud-Ouest, Toulouse, FranceCentre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, Arcueil, FranceNantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences, Nantes, FranceBackground: Copper-associated hepatitis (CAH) is a well-documented chronic hepatic disease in dogs. In some breeds, the disease results from an inherited defect in copper metabolism. In others, it is unclear whether its acummulation is a primary or secondary condition. Reports of copper accumulation in dog breeds that are not genetically predisposed are increasing. Aim: Describe the epidemiology, clinical and laboratory findings, liver biopsy techniques and treatment response in dogs with CAH. Methods: A retrospective study was performed, drawing upon medical records from CAH dogs at a Veterinary Referral Hospital in Paris, France. The diagnosis of CAH had been confirmed in these patients by positive rhodanine staining of hepatic tissue obtained through biopsy. Medical records were mined for the following data: age at presentation, sex, breed, chief presenting complaints, abdominal ultrasound (US) findings and rhodanine staining pattern. Results: A total of 17 dogs were included in the study. Median age at presentation was 8 years old (4-11). No sex predisposition was found. Terriers (4/17) and German Shepherd Dogs (GSD, 3/17) were overrepresented. American Staffordshire Terriers and Beauceron had not previously appeared in case reports on CAH; two of each breed were identified in this study. Clinical signs of affected dogs were non-specific. An incidental identification of increased liver-enzymes was observed in 5/17 dogs. A heterogeneous, mottled liver was frequently described (5/17) on abdominal US. Liver biopsies were performed by ultrasound-guided percutaneous approach in 10/17 dogs, laparoscopy and laparotomy in 6/17 and 1/17, respectively. The rhodanine staining pattern was centrilobular (zone 3) in 8/17 dogs and periportal (zone 1) in 3/17 dogs. The pattern was considered multifocal in 6/17 dogs. Conclusion: Increased liver enzymes may be the only clinical finding in dogs with copper-associated hepatitis, reflecting the silent progression of this disease. Centrilobular pattern of rhodanine staining was observed in the majority of cases suggesting the primary condition of the disease. Results of this study are consistent with the current literature, which reports that terriers and GSD are predisposed to CAH. This is the first description of CAH in Beauceron and American Staffordshire Terrier dogs.https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/OVJ-2019-08-238%20A.%20Rodrigues%20et%20al.pdfamerican staffordshire terrierbeauceroncopper-associated hepatitisliver biopsyrhodanine |
| spellingShingle | Anthony Rodrigues Rodolfo O. Leal Maud Girod Claire Dally Emmanuel Guery Eymeric Gomes Juan Hernandez Canine copper-associated hepatitis: A retrospective study of 17 clinical cases Open Veterinary Journal american staffordshire terrier beauceron copper-associated hepatitis liver biopsy rhodanine |
| title | Canine copper-associated hepatitis: A retrospective study of 17 clinical cases |
| title_full | Canine copper-associated hepatitis: A retrospective study of 17 clinical cases |
| title_fullStr | Canine copper-associated hepatitis: A retrospective study of 17 clinical cases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Canine copper-associated hepatitis: A retrospective study of 17 clinical cases |
| title_short | Canine copper-associated hepatitis: A retrospective study of 17 clinical cases |
| title_sort | canine copper associated hepatitis a retrospective study of 17 clinical cases |
| topic | american staffordshire terrier beauceron copper-associated hepatitis liver biopsy rhodanine |
| url | https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/OVJ-2019-08-238%20A.%20Rodrigues%20et%20al.pdf |
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