Influence of Non-Invasive Zirconium Oxide Surface Treatment on Phase Changes
The aim of the research was to find a zirconia treatment method that would reduce or minimize the transformation from the tetragonal phase to the monoclinic phase. Background: Yttria-stabilized zirconia is increasingly chosen for the base of permanent prosthetic restorations. To achieve a good bond...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Ceramics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/7/1/14 |
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| author | Kinga Regulska Bartłomiej Januszewicz Anna Jędrzejczak Leszek Klimek |
| author_facet | Kinga Regulska Bartłomiej Januszewicz Anna Jędrzejczak Leszek Klimek |
| author_sort | Kinga Regulska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of the research was to find a zirconia treatment method that would reduce or minimize the transformation from the tetragonal phase to the monoclinic phase. Background: Yttria-stabilized zirconia is increasingly chosen for the base of permanent prosthetic restorations. To achieve a good bond between the prosthetic cup and the veneer material, the material must be treated to achieve surface development. This is a mechanical process, during which an unfavorable transformation from the tetragonal into the monoclinic phase takes place, which leads to the weakening of the internal structure of zirconium dioxide, and later damages the prosthetic restoration. Methods: The tested material consisted of cylindrical samples of 3Y-TZP CeramillZi zirconium oxide, which were sintered after cutting out from the block. After sintering, the samples were subjected to the following types of processing: laser structuring, chemical etching and plasma etching. After the surface treatments, the samples were subjected to diffraction tests to determine the phase composition. Next, the wettability was tested to determine the surface free energy. Results: On the basis of the conducted tests, it was noticed that the applied treatments caused a phase transformation from the tetragonal to the monoclinic phase. After the process of chemical etching, the range of the monoclinic phase for the sample was 5%; after plasma etching, it was 8%, and after laser structuring, it was 2%. In addition, post-surface free energy studies have shown that zirconia is wetted better with an apolar than a polar liquid. Conclusions: The obtained results indicate that the transformation was minimized with the treatments we applied; that is why they are called non-invasive methods. According to the literature data, depending on the parameters of the sandblasting process, the percentage of the monoclinic phase in the treated surfaces ranges from 22% to 52%, which confirms the above-mentioned conclusion. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:27:17Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2571-6131 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:27:17Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ceramics |
| spelling | doaj.art-c854f50dff5b47b6a8cdf897b99a2d782024-03-27T13:30:47ZengMDPI AGCeramics2571-61312024-02-017122223410.3390/ceramics7010014Influence of Non-Invasive Zirconium Oxide Surface Treatment on Phase ChangesKinga Regulska0Bartłomiej Januszewicz1Anna Jędrzejczak2Leszek Klimek3Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-537 Lodz, PolandInstitute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-537 Lodz, PolandInstitute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-537 Lodz, PolandInstitute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-537 Lodz, PolandThe aim of the research was to find a zirconia treatment method that would reduce or minimize the transformation from the tetragonal phase to the monoclinic phase. Background: Yttria-stabilized zirconia is increasingly chosen for the base of permanent prosthetic restorations. To achieve a good bond between the prosthetic cup and the veneer material, the material must be treated to achieve surface development. This is a mechanical process, during which an unfavorable transformation from the tetragonal into the monoclinic phase takes place, which leads to the weakening of the internal structure of zirconium dioxide, and later damages the prosthetic restoration. Methods: The tested material consisted of cylindrical samples of 3Y-TZP CeramillZi zirconium oxide, which were sintered after cutting out from the block. After sintering, the samples were subjected to the following types of processing: laser structuring, chemical etching and plasma etching. After the surface treatments, the samples were subjected to diffraction tests to determine the phase composition. Next, the wettability was tested to determine the surface free energy. Results: On the basis of the conducted tests, it was noticed that the applied treatments caused a phase transformation from the tetragonal to the monoclinic phase. After the process of chemical etching, the range of the monoclinic phase for the sample was 5%; after plasma etching, it was 8%, and after laser structuring, it was 2%. In addition, post-surface free energy studies have shown that zirconia is wetted better with an apolar than a polar liquid. Conclusions: The obtained results indicate that the transformation was minimized with the treatments we applied; that is why they are called non-invasive methods. According to the literature data, depending on the parameters of the sandblasting process, the percentage of the monoclinic phase in the treated surfaces ranges from 22% to 52%, which confirms the above-mentioned conclusion.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/7/1/14zirconiaprostheticstransformationtreatmentetchinglaser |
| spellingShingle | Kinga Regulska Bartłomiej Januszewicz Anna Jędrzejczak Leszek Klimek Influence of Non-Invasive Zirconium Oxide Surface Treatment on Phase Changes Ceramics zirconia prosthetics transformation treatment etching laser |
| title | Influence of Non-Invasive Zirconium Oxide Surface Treatment on Phase Changes |
| title_full | Influence of Non-Invasive Zirconium Oxide Surface Treatment on Phase Changes |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Non-Invasive Zirconium Oxide Surface Treatment on Phase Changes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Non-Invasive Zirconium Oxide Surface Treatment on Phase Changes |
| title_short | Influence of Non-Invasive Zirconium Oxide Surface Treatment on Phase Changes |
| title_sort | influence of non invasive zirconium oxide surface treatment on phase changes |
| topic | zirconia prosthetics transformation treatment etching laser |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/7/1/14 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kingaregulska influenceofnoninvasivezirconiumoxidesurfacetreatmentonphasechanges AT bartłomiejjanuszewicz influenceofnoninvasivezirconiumoxidesurfacetreatmentonphasechanges AT annajedrzejczak influenceofnoninvasivezirconiumoxidesurfacetreatmentonphasechanges AT leszekklimek influenceofnoninvasivezirconiumoxidesurfacetreatmentonphasechanges |