Longitudinal study of disease severity and external factors in cognitive failure after COVID-19 among Indonesian population
Abstract The COVID-19 infection is assumed to induce cognitive failure. Identifying the relationship between COVID-19, the effect of vaccination and medication, and accommodating non-COVID-19 factors to cognitive failure is essential. This study was conducted in Indonesia from September 2021 to Janu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46334-2 |
| _version_ | 1797377071726460928 |
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| author | Bumi Herman Martin Chi Sang Wong Prawat Chantharit Firdaus Fabrice Hannanu Pramon Viwattanakulvanid |
| author_facet | Bumi Herman Martin Chi Sang Wong Prawat Chantharit Firdaus Fabrice Hannanu Pramon Viwattanakulvanid |
| author_sort | Bumi Herman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The COVID-19 infection is assumed to induce cognitive failure. Identifying the relationship between COVID-19, the effect of vaccination and medication, and accommodating non-COVID-19 factors to cognitive failure is essential. This study was conducted in Indonesia from September 2021 to January 2023. Demographic information, clinical data, comorbidities, vaccination, and medication during COVID-19 were obtained, as well as a 6-month cognitive assessment with Cognitive Failures Questionnaire/CFQ, Fatigue Severity Score, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7). A Structural Equation Model explains the relationship between potential predictors and cognitive failure. The average score of CFQ after 6 months was 45.6 ± 23.1 out of 100. The severity of the disease, which was associated with vaccination status, age, previous infection, and unit of treatment (p < 0.05), was not related to cognitive failure (p = 0.519), although there is a significant direct impact of worst vaccination status to cognitive failure(p < 0.001). However, age, fatigue, and current anxiety were associated with higher cognitive failure (p < 0.001), although comorbidities and recent headaches were not significant in other models (p > 0.05). This study concludes that cognitive failure after COVID-19 is a multifactorial event and does not solely depend on COVID-19 severity. It is crucial to re-address the factors related to the long-term efficacy of vaccination and medication and focus on non-health factors affecting cognitive failure. Trial Registration: NCT05060562. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T19:47:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c858091138274203b5aa3b535a72265a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T19:47:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-c858091138274203b5aa3b535a72265a2023-12-24T12:15:20ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-11-0113111210.1038/s41598-023-46334-2Longitudinal study of disease severity and external factors in cognitive failure after COVID-19 among Indonesian populationBumi Herman0Martin Chi Sang Wong1Prawat Chantharit2Firdaus Fabrice Hannanu3Pramon Viwattanakulvanid4College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn UniversityThe Faculty of Medicine, JC School of Public Health, The Chinese University of HongkongDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol UniversityDepartment of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin UniversityCollege of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn UniversityAbstract The COVID-19 infection is assumed to induce cognitive failure. Identifying the relationship between COVID-19, the effect of vaccination and medication, and accommodating non-COVID-19 factors to cognitive failure is essential. This study was conducted in Indonesia from September 2021 to January 2023. Demographic information, clinical data, comorbidities, vaccination, and medication during COVID-19 were obtained, as well as a 6-month cognitive assessment with Cognitive Failures Questionnaire/CFQ, Fatigue Severity Score, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7). A Structural Equation Model explains the relationship between potential predictors and cognitive failure. The average score of CFQ after 6 months was 45.6 ± 23.1 out of 100. The severity of the disease, which was associated with vaccination status, age, previous infection, and unit of treatment (p < 0.05), was not related to cognitive failure (p = 0.519), although there is a significant direct impact of worst vaccination status to cognitive failure(p < 0.001). However, age, fatigue, and current anxiety were associated with higher cognitive failure (p < 0.001), although comorbidities and recent headaches were not significant in other models (p > 0.05). This study concludes that cognitive failure after COVID-19 is a multifactorial event and does not solely depend on COVID-19 severity. It is crucial to re-address the factors related to the long-term efficacy of vaccination and medication and focus on non-health factors affecting cognitive failure. Trial Registration: NCT05060562.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46334-2 |
| spellingShingle | Bumi Herman Martin Chi Sang Wong Prawat Chantharit Firdaus Fabrice Hannanu Pramon Viwattanakulvanid Longitudinal study of disease severity and external factors in cognitive failure after COVID-19 among Indonesian population Scientific Reports |
| title | Longitudinal study of disease severity and external factors in cognitive failure after COVID-19 among Indonesian population |
| title_full | Longitudinal study of disease severity and external factors in cognitive failure after COVID-19 among Indonesian population |
| title_fullStr | Longitudinal study of disease severity and external factors in cognitive failure after COVID-19 among Indonesian population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Longitudinal study of disease severity and external factors in cognitive failure after COVID-19 among Indonesian population |
| title_short | Longitudinal study of disease severity and external factors in cognitive failure after COVID-19 among Indonesian population |
| title_sort | longitudinal study of disease severity and external factors in cognitive failure after covid 19 among indonesian population |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46334-2 |
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