Clostridium botulinum type C, D, C/D, and D/C: An update
Clostridium botulinum is the main causative agent of botulism, a neurological disease encountered in humans as well as animals. Nine types of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) have been described so far. Amongst these “toxinotypes,” the A, the B and E are the most frequently encountered in humans while...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1099184/full |
| _version_ | 1797960458055974912 |
|---|---|
| author | François Meurens François Meurens Frédéric Carlin Michel Federighi Maria-Eleni Filippitzi Matthieu Fournier Philippe Fravalo Jean-Pierre Ganière Lionel Grisot Laurent Guillier Didier Hilaire Pauline Kooh Sophie Le Bouquin-Leneveu Caroline Le Maréchal Christelle Mazuet Hervé Morvan Karine Petit Jean-Pierre Vaillancourt Cédric Woudstra |
| author_facet | François Meurens François Meurens Frédéric Carlin Michel Federighi Maria-Eleni Filippitzi Matthieu Fournier Philippe Fravalo Jean-Pierre Ganière Lionel Grisot Laurent Guillier Didier Hilaire Pauline Kooh Sophie Le Bouquin-Leneveu Caroline Le Maréchal Christelle Mazuet Hervé Morvan Karine Petit Jean-Pierre Vaillancourt Cédric Woudstra |
| author_sort | François Meurens |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Clostridium botulinum is the main causative agent of botulism, a neurological disease encountered in humans as well as animals. Nine types of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) have been described so far. Amongst these “toxinotypes,” the A, the B and E are the most frequently encountered in humans while the C, D, C/D and D/C are mostly affecting domestic and wild birds as well as cattle. In France for instance, many cases and outbreaks are reported in these animal species every year. However, underestimation is very likely at least for avifauna species where the detection of dead animals can be challenging. Knowledge about BoNTs C, D, C/D, and D/C and the diseases they cause in animals and humans is still scarce and unclear. Specifically, the potential role of animal botulism outbreaks in cattle and poultry as a source of human illness needs to be further assessed. In this narrative review, we present the current knowledge about toxinotypes C, D, C/D, and D/C in cattle and poultry with, amongst various other aspects, their epidemiological cycles. We also discuss the zoonotic potential of these toxinotypes and some possible ways of risk mitigation. An adapted and effective management of botulism outbreaks in livestock also requires a better understanding of these less common and known toxinotypes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:46:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c85cdc5e7a6146a9bfe6c6f116f333c6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:46:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c85cdc5e7a6146a9bfe6c6f116f333c62023-01-05T15:51:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2023-01-011310.3389/fmicb.2022.10991841099184Clostridium botulinum type C, D, C/D, and D/C: An updateFrançois Meurens0François Meurens1Frédéric Carlin2Michel Federighi3Maria-Eleni Filippitzi4Matthieu Fournier5Philippe Fravalo6Jean-Pierre Ganière7Lionel Grisot8Laurent Guillier9Didier Hilaire10Pauline Kooh11Sophie Le Bouquin-Leneveu12Caroline Le Maréchal13Christelle Mazuet14Hervé Morvan15Karine Petit16Jean-Pierre Vaillancourt17Cédric Woudstra18INRAE, Oniris, BIOEPAR, Nantes, FranceDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaINRAE, Avignon Université, UMR SQPOV, Avignon, FranceSECALIM, INRAE, Oniris, Nantes, FranceLaboratory of Animal Health Economics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GreeceUniv Rouen Normandie, Univ Caen Normandie, CNRS, M2C, UMR 6143, Rouen, FranceChaire Agroalimentaire du Cnam, Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, EPN7, Ploufragan, FranceRetired, Brittany, FranceClinique des Tourbières, Frasne, France0Risk Assessment Department, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France1DGA Maîtrise NRBC, Vert-le-Petit, France0Risk Assessment Department, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France2Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, Ploufragan, France2Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, Ploufragan, France3Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNR Bactéries anaérobies et Botulisme, Paris, FranceRetired, Brittany, France0Risk Assessment Department, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France4Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada5Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DenmarkClostridium botulinum is the main causative agent of botulism, a neurological disease encountered in humans as well as animals. Nine types of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) have been described so far. Amongst these “toxinotypes,” the A, the B and E are the most frequently encountered in humans while the C, D, C/D and D/C are mostly affecting domestic and wild birds as well as cattle. In France for instance, many cases and outbreaks are reported in these animal species every year. However, underestimation is very likely at least for avifauna species where the detection of dead animals can be challenging. Knowledge about BoNTs C, D, C/D, and D/C and the diseases they cause in animals and humans is still scarce and unclear. Specifically, the potential role of animal botulism outbreaks in cattle and poultry as a source of human illness needs to be further assessed. In this narrative review, we present the current knowledge about toxinotypes C, D, C/D, and D/C in cattle and poultry with, amongst various other aspects, their epidemiological cycles. We also discuss the zoonotic potential of these toxinotypes and some possible ways of risk mitigation. An adapted and effective management of botulism outbreaks in livestock also requires a better understanding of these less common and known toxinotypes.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1099184/fullClostridiumzoonosiscattlepoultrytoxinsbotulism |
| spellingShingle | François Meurens François Meurens Frédéric Carlin Michel Federighi Maria-Eleni Filippitzi Matthieu Fournier Philippe Fravalo Jean-Pierre Ganière Lionel Grisot Laurent Guillier Didier Hilaire Pauline Kooh Sophie Le Bouquin-Leneveu Caroline Le Maréchal Christelle Mazuet Hervé Morvan Karine Petit Jean-Pierre Vaillancourt Cédric Woudstra Clostridium botulinum type C, D, C/D, and D/C: An update Frontiers in Microbiology Clostridium zoonosis cattle poultry toxins botulism |
| title | Clostridium botulinum type C, D, C/D, and D/C: An update |
| title_full | Clostridium botulinum type C, D, C/D, and D/C: An update |
| title_fullStr | Clostridium botulinum type C, D, C/D, and D/C: An update |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clostridium botulinum type C, D, C/D, and D/C: An update |
| title_short | Clostridium botulinum type C, D, C/D, and D/C: An update |
| title_sort | clostridium botulinum type c d c d and d c an update |
| topic | Clostridium zoonosis cattle poultry toxins botulism |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1099184/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT francoismeurens clostridiumbotulinumtypecdcdanddcanupdate AT francoismeurens clostridiumbotulinumtypecdcdanddcanupdate AT fredericcarlin clostridiumbotulinumtypecdcdanddcanupdate AT michelfederighi clostridiumbotulinumtypecdcdanddcanupdate AT mariaelenifilippitzi clostridiumbotulinumtypecdcdanddcanupdate AT matthieufournier clostridiumbotulinumtypecdcdanddcanupdate AT philippefravalo clostridiumbotulinumtypecdcdanddcanupdate AT jeanpierreganiere clostridiumbotulinumtypecdcdanddcanupdate AT lionelgrisot clostridiumbotulinumtypecdcdanddcanupdate AT laurentguillier clostridiumbotulinumtypecdcdanddcanupdate AT didierhilaire clostridiumbotulinumtypecdcdanddcanupdate AT paulinekooh clostridiumbotulinumtypecdcdanddcanupdate AT sophielebouquinleneveu clostridiumbotulinumtypecdcdanddcanupdate AT carolinelemarechal clostridiumbotulinumtypecdcdanddcanupdate AT christellemazuet clostridiumbotulinumtypecdcdanddcanupdate AT hervemorvan clostridiumbotulinumtypecdcdanddcanupdate AT karinepetit clostridiumbotulinumtypecdcdanddcanupdate AT jeanpierrevaillancourt clostridiumbotulinumtypecdcdanddcanupdate AT cedricwoudstra clostridiumbotulinumtypecdcdanddcanupdate |