A Comparative Study of Isolated Secondary Metabolites from Lichens and Their Antioxidative Properties
Free radicals play a critical role in the chemical processes that occur in all cells. Pharmaceutical companies manufacture a variety of synthetically prepared antioxidants, but it is known that many of these can be carcinogenic. As a result, efforts are being made to find natural antioxidants that d...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| author | Ján Elečko Mária Vilková Richard Frenák Deepti Routray Dajana Ručová Martin Bačkor Michal Goga |
| author_facet | Ján Elečko Mária Vilková Richard Frenák Deepti Routray Dajana Ručová Martin Bačkor Michal Goga |
| author_sort | Ján Elečko |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Free radicals play a critical role in the chemical processes that occur in all cells. Pharmaceutical companies manufacture a variety of synthetically prepared antioxidants, but it is known that many of these can be carcinogenic. As a result, efforts are being made to find natural antioxidants that do not have these side effects. Lichens may be suitable candidates because they contain secondary metabolites with proven antioxidant properties. This could be explained by the presence of compounds with phenolic groups in lichens. The radical scavenging reaction is a chemical reaction governed by stoichiometry, and our aim is to determine the efficacy of these reactions. The aim of this study is to compare metabolite activity based on the same amount of substance involved in radical scavenging, calculated in micromoles rather than weight concentration. This provides an accurate way of comparing radical scavenging activity. We tested superoxide anion scavenging activity and free radical scavenging activity of isolated lichen secondary metabolites and their mixtures in different ratios. The following compounds were isolated and tested for antioxidant activity: gyrophoric acid (<i>Umbilicaria hirsuta</i>), evernic acid (<i>Evernia prunastri</i>), physodic acid, 3-hydroxyphysodic acid, physodalic acid and atranorin (<i>Hypogymnia physodes</i>), and usnic acid (as a synthetic compound). Of all the tested compounds, 3-hydroxyphysodic acid, as well as mixtures containing this metabolite, showed the strongest scavenging activity. The results also demonstrated that calculation by amount of substance leads to a new consideration of antioxidant activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:08:00Z |
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| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:08:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-c86fa92713304bb59a1eff9bbd60aae82023-11-30T21:46:42ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-04-01118107710.3390/plants11081077A Comparative Study of Isolated Secondary Metabolites from Lichens and Their Antioxidative PropertiesJán Elečko0Mária Vilková1Richard Frenák2Deepti Routray3Dajana Ručová4Martin Bačkor5Michal Goga6NMR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Košice, SlovakiaNMR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Košice, SlovakiaDepartment of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67 Košice, SlovakiaDepartment of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67 Košice, SlovakiaDepartment of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67 Košice, SlovakiaDepartment of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67 Košice, SlovakiaDepartment of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67 Košice, SlovakiaFree radicals play a critical role in the chemical processes that occur in all cells. Pharmaceutical companies manufacture a variety of synthetically prepared antioxidants, but it is known that many of these can be carcinogenic. As a result, efforts are being made to find natural antioxidants that do not have these side effects. Lichens may be suitable candidates because they contain secondary metabolites with proven antioxidant properties. This could be explained by the presence of compounds with phenolic groups in lichens. The radical scavenging reaction is a chemical reaction governed by stoichiometry, and our aim is to determine the efficacy of these reactions. The aim of this study is to compare metabolite activity based on the same amount of substance involved in radical scavenging, calculated in micromoles rather than weight concentration. This provides an accurate way of comparing radical scavenging activity. We tested superoxide anion scavenging activity and free radical scavenging activity of isolated lichen secondary metabolites and their mixtures in different ratios. The following compounds were isolated and tested for antioxidant activity: gyrophoric acid (<i>Umbilicaria hirsuta</i>), evernic acid (<i>Evernia prunastri</i>), physodic acid, 3-hydroxyphysodic acid, physodalic acid and atranorin (<i>Hypogymnia physodes</i>), and usnic acid (as a synthetic compound). Of all the tested compounds, 3-hydroxyphysodic acid, as well as mixtures containing this metabolite, showed the strongest scavenging activity. The results also demonstrated that calculation by amount of substance leads to a new consideration of antioxidant activity.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/8/1077superoxide anionDPPHantioxidant activitysecondary metaboliteslichensNMR |
| spellingShingle | Ján Elečko Mária Vilková Richard Frenák Deepti Routray Dajana Ručová Martin Bačkor Michal Goga A Comparative Study of Isolated Secondary Metabolites from Lichens and Their Antioxidative Properties Plants superoxide anion DPPH antioxidant activity secondary metabolites lichens NMR |
| title | A Comparative Study of Isolated Secondary Metabolites from Lichens and Their Antioxidative Properties |
| title_full | A Comparative Study of Isolated Secondary Metabolites from Lichens and Their Antioxidative Properties |
| title_fullStr | A Comparative Study of Isolated Secondary Metabolites from Lichens and Their Antioxidative Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comparative Study of Isolated Secondary Metabolites from Lichens and Their Antioxidative Properties |
| title_short | A Comparative Study of Isolated Secondary Metabolites from Lichens and Their Antioxidative Properties |
| title_sort | comparative study of isolated secondary metabolites from lichens and their antioxidative properties |
| topic | superoxide anion DPPH antioxidant activity secondary metabolites lichens NMR |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/8/1077 |
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