Emissions from a Modern Euro 6d Diesel Plug-In Hybrid
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are promoted as an alternative to conventional vehicles to meet European decarbonisation and air quality targets. However, several studies have shown that gasoline PHEVs present similar criteria and particulate emissions as their conventional gasoline counter...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/8/1175 |
| _version_ | 1827618238027005952 |
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| author | Tommaso Selleri Anastasios Melas Christian Ferrarese Jacopo Franzetti Barouch Giechaskiel Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa |
| author_facet | Tommaso Selleri Anastasios Melas Christian Ferrarese Jacopo Franzetti Barouch Giechaskiel Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa |
| author_sort | Tommaso Selleri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are promoted as an alternative to conventional vehicles to meet European decarbonisation and air quality targets. However, several studies have shown that gasoline PHEVs present similar criteria and particulate emissions as their conventional gasoline counterparts. In the present work, we investigate the environmental performance of a modern plug-in hybrid Diesel-fuelled vehicle meeting the Euro 6d standard under a large variety of driving patterns, ambient temperatures, and battery states of charge (SOC). Emissions of regulated pollutants, currently unregulated pollutants, and CO<sub>2</sub> were measured in the laboratory and following various on-road routes. The vehicle, whose electric range was 82 km, presented emissions below the Euro 6 regulatory limits in all the different driving cycles performed at 23 °C and all the on-road tests at the different battery SOC. The emissions were lower than the average of the conventional Diesel vehicles tested at JRC in 2020–2021 for all the SOC tested, the exception being solid particle number emissions >23 nm (SPN<sub>23</sub>) emissions that were comparable at all SOC. Moreover, the emissions obtained with the high voltage battery fully charged during on-road tests were comparable to those obtained with the battery at the minimum SOC for the entire test (ca. 91 km) as well as for the urban section (ca. 36 km). Overall, NOx and SPN<sub>23</sub> emissions increased at lower temperatures, showing that at very low temperatures, there is no benefit in terms of particulate emissions from the electric range. Finally, it is shown that the emissions of N<sub>2</sub>O, the only unregulated pollutant presenting relevant emissions for this vehicle, and which are of catalytic nature, were proportional to the utilisation of the internal combustion engine. The scope of the manuscript is thus to deepen the knowledge on the emission performances of Diesel PHEVs through the systematic testing of a modern representative of this class of vehicles in a wide range of driving and environmental conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:01:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c8708cf7121a41aab764b949646b9fc6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:01:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-c8708cf7121a41aab764b949646b9fc62023-12-01T23:23:21ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-07-01138117510.3390/atmos13081175Emissions from a Modern Euro 6d Diesel Plug-In HybridTommaso Selleri0Anastasios Melas1Christian Ferrarese2Jacopo Franzetti3Barouch Giechaskiel4Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa5European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, ItalyEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, ItalyEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, ItalyEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, ItalyEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, ItalyEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, ItalyPlug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are promoted as an alternative to conventional vehicles to meet European decarbonisation and air quality targets. However, several studies have shown that gasoline PHEVs present similar criteria and particulate emissions as their conventional gasoline counterparts. In the present work, we investigate the environmental performance of a modern plug-in hybrid Diesel-fuelled vehicle meeting the Euro 6d standard under a large variety of driving patterns, ambient temperatures, and battery states of charge (SOC). Emissions of regulated pollutants, currently unregulated pollutants, and CO<sub>2</sub> were measured in the laboratory and following various on-road routes. The vehicle, whose electric range was 82 km, presented emissions below the Euro 6 regulatory limits in all the different driving cycles performed at 23 °C and all the on-road tests at the different battery SOC. The emissions were lower than the average of the conventional Diesel vehicles tested at JRC in 2020–2021 for all the SOC tested, the exception being solid particle number emissions >23 nm (SPN<sub>23</sub>) emissions that were comparable at all SOC. Moreover, the emissions obtained with the high voltage battery fully charged during on-road tests were comparable to those obtained with the battery at the minimum SOC for the entire test (ca. 91 km) as well as for the urban section (ca. 36 km). Overall, NOx and SPN<sub>23</sub> emissions increased at lower temperatures, showing that at very low temperatures, there is no benefit in terms of particulate emissions from the electric range. Finally, it is shown that the emissions of N<sub>2</sub>O, the only unregulated pollutant presenting relevant emissions for this vehicle, and which are of catalytic nature, were proportional to the utilisation of the internal combustion engine. The scope of the manuscript is thus to deepen the knowledge on the emission performances of Diesel PHEVs through the systematic testing of a modern representative of this class of vehicles in a wide range of driving and environmental conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/8/1175regulated pollutantsunregulated pollutantsgreenhouse gas emissionson-road vehicle testinglaboratory vehicle testing |
| spellingShingle | Tommaso Selleri Anastasios Melas Christian Ferrarese Jacopo Franzetti Barouch Giechaskiel Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa Emissions from a Modern Euro 6d Diesel Plug-In Hybrid Atmosphere regulated pollutants unregulated pollutants greenhouse gas emissions on-road vehicle testing laboratory vehicle testing |
| title | Emissions from a Modern Euro 6d Diesel Plug-In Hybrid |
| title_full | Emissions from a Modern Euro 6d Diesel Plug-In Hybrid |
| title_fullStr | Emissions from a Modern Euro 6d Diesel Plug-In Hybrid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emissions from a Modern Euro 6d Diesel Plug-In Hybrid |
| title_short | Emissions from a Modern Euro 6d Diesel Plug-In Hybrid |
| title_sort | emissions from a modern euro 6d diesel plug in hybrid |
| topic | regulated pollutants unregulated pollutants greenhouse gas emissions on-road vehicle testing laboratory vehicle testing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/8/1175 |
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