Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Induced Lesions, Tissue Tropism and Host Responses following Experimental Infection of Egyptian Rousette Bats (<i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i>) with the Zoonotic Paramyxovirus, Sosuga Virus
Ecological and experimental infection studies have identified Egyptian rousette bats (ERBs; <i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i>: family Pteropodidae) as a reservoir host for the zoonotic rubula-like paramyxovirus Sosuga virus (SOSV). A serial sacrifice study of colony-bred ERBs inoculated with...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/6/1278 |
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| author | Shannon G. M. Kirejczyk Brian R. Amman Amy J. Schuh Tara K. Sealy César G. Albariño Jian Zhang Corrie C. Brown Jonathan S. Towner |
| author_facet | Shannon G. M. Kirejczyk Brian R. Amman Amy J. Schuh Tara K. Sealy César G. Albariño Jian Zhang Corrie C. Brown Jonathan S. Towner |
| author_sort | Shannon G. M. Kirejczyk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ecological and experimental infection studies have identified Egyptian rousette bats (ERBs; <i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i>: family Pteropodidae) as a reservoir host for the zoonotic rubula-like paramyxovirus Sosuga virus (SOSV). A serial sacrifice study of colony-bred ERBs inoculated with wild-type, recombinant SOSV identified small intestines and salivary gland as major sites of viral replication. In the current study, archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from the serial sacrifice study were analyzed in depth—histologically and immunohistochemically, for SOSV, mononuclear phagocytes and T cells. Histopathologic lesion scores increased over time and viral antigen persisted in a subset of tissues, indicating ongoing host responses and underscoring the possibility of chronic infection. Despite the presence of SOSV NP antigen and villus ulcerations in the small intestines, there were only mild increases in mononuclear phagocytes and T cells, a host response aligned with disease tolerance. In contrast, there was a statistically significant, robust and targeted mononuclear phagocyte cell responses in the salivary glands at 21 DPI, where viral antigen was sparse. These findings may have broader implications for chiropteran–paramyxovirus interactions, as bats are hypothesized to be the ancestral hosts of this diverse virus family and for ERB immunology in general, as this species is also the reservoir host for the marburgviruses Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV) (family <i>Filoviridae</i>). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:14:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c87b661dd736495088809cc50898dfd9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:14:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-c87b661dd736495088809cc50898dfd92023-11-23T19:26:41ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-06-01146127810.3390/v14061278Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Induced Lesions, Tissue Tropism and Host Responses following Experimental Infection of Egyptian Rousette Bats (<i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i>) with the Zoonotic Paramyxovirus, Sosuga VirusShannon G. M. Kirejczyk0Brian R. Amman1Amy J. Schuh2Tara K. Sealy3César G. Albariño4Jian Zhang5Corrie C. Brown6Jonathan S. Towner7Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USAViral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USAViral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USAViral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USAViral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USADepartment of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USADepartment of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USADepartment of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USAEcological and experimental infection studies have identified Egyptian rousette bats (ERBs; <i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i>: family Pteropodidae) as a reservoir host for the zoonotic rubula-like paramyxovirus Sosuga virus (SOSV). A serial sacrifice study of colony-bred ERBs inoculated with wild-type, recombinant SOSV identified small intestines and salivary gland as major sites of viral replication. In the current study, archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from the serial sacrifice study were analyzed in depth—histologically and immunohistochemically, for SOSV, mononuclear phagocytes and T cells. Histopathologic lesion scores increased over time and viral antigen persisted in a subset of tissues, indicating ongoing host responses and underscoring the possibility of chronic infection. Despite the presence of SOSV NP antigen and villus ulcerations in the small intestines, there were only mild increases in mononuclear phagocytes and T cells, a host response aligned with disease tolerance. In contrast, there was a statistically significant, robust and targeted mononuclear phagocyte cell responses in the salivary glands at 21 DPI, where viral antigen was sparse. These findings may have broader implications for chiropteran–paramyxovirus interactions, as bats are hypothesized to be the ancestral hosts of this diverse virus family and for ERB immunology in general, as this species is also the reservoir host for the marburgviruses Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV) (family <i>Filoviridae</i>).https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/6/1278Sosuga viruszoonosesparamyxovirus<i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i>Egyptian rousette batnatural reservoir |
| spellingShingle | Shannon G. M. Kirejczyk Brian R. Amman Amy J. Schuh Tara K. Sealy César G. Albariño Jian Zhang Corrie C. Brown Jonathan S. Towner Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Induced Lesions, Tissue Tropism and Host Responses following Experimental Infection of Egyptian Rousette Bats (<i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i>) with the Zoonotic Paramyxovirus, Sosuga Virus Viruses Sosuga virus zoonoses paramyxovirus <i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i> Egyptian rousette bat natural reservoir |
| title | Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Induced Lesions, Tissue Tropism and Host Responses following Experimental Infection of Egyptian Rousette Bats (<i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i>) with the Zoonotic Paramyxovirus, Sosuga Virus |
| title_full | Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Induced Lesions, Tissue Tropism and Host Responses following Experimental Infection of Egyptian Rousette Bats (<i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i>) with the Zoonotic Paramyxovirus, Sosuga Virus |
| title_fullStr | Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Induced Lesions, Tissue Tropism and Host Responses following Experimental Infection of Egyptian Rousette Bats (<i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i>) with the Zoonotic Paramyxovirus, Sosuga Virus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Induced Lesions, Tissue Tropism and Host Responses following Experimental Infection of Egyptian Rousette Bats (<i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i>) with the Zoonotic Paramyxovirus, Sosuga Virus |
| title_short | Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Induced Lesions, Tissue Tropism and Host Responses following Experimental Infection of Egyptian Rousette Bats (<i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i>) with the Zoonotic Paramyxovirus, Sosuga Virus |
| title_sort | histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluation of induced lesions tissue tropism and host responses following experimental infection of egyptian rousette bats i rousettus aegyptiacus i with the zoonotic paramyxovirus sosuga virus |
| topic | Sosuga virus zoonoses paramyxovirus <i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i> Egyptian rousette bat natural reservoir |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/6/1278 |
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