Prevalence of Self-Reported Anosmia and Ageusia in Elderly Patients Who Had Been Previously Hospitalized by SARS-CoV-2: The LONG-COVID-EXP Multicenter Study
We explored two different graph methods for visualizing the prevalence of self-reported post-COVID anosmia and ageusia in a large sample of individuals who had been previously hospitalized in five different hospitals. A cohort of 1266 previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors participated. Particip...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/13/4391 |
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| author | César Fernández-de-las-Peñas Ricardo Ortega-Santiago Ignacio Cancela-Cilleruelo Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez Stella Fuensalida-Novo José D. Martín-Guerrero Óscar J. Pellicer-Valero Margarita Cigarán-Méndez |
| author_facet | César Fernández-de-las-Peñas Ricardo Ortega-Santiago Ignacio Cancela-Cilleruelo Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez Stella Fuensalida-Novo José D. Martín-Guerrero Óscar J. Pellicer-Valero Margarita Cigarán-Méndez |
| author_sort | César Fernández-de-las-Peñas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We explored two different graph methods for visualizing the prevalence of self-reported post-COVID anosmia and ageusia in a large sample of individuals who had been previously hospitalized in five different hospitals. A cohort of 1266 previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors participated. Participants were assessed at hospitalization (T0) and at three different follow-up periods: 8.4 (T1), 13.2 (T2), and 18.3 (T3) months after hospital discharge. They were asked about the presence of self-reported anosmia and ageusia that they attributed to infection. Anosmia was defined as a self-perceived feeling of complete loss of smell. Ageusia was defined as a self-perceived feeling of complete loss of taste. Data about hospitalization were recorded from medical records. The results revealed that the prevalence of anosmia decreased from 8.29% (<i>n</i> = 105) at hospitalization (T0), to 4.47% (<i>n</i> = 56) at T1, to 3.27% (<i>n</i> = 41) at T2, and 3.35% (<i>n</i> = 42) at T3. Similarly, the prevalence of ageusia was 7.10% (<i>n</i> = 89) at the onset of SARS-CoV-2 infection (T0), but decreased to 3.03% (<i>n</i> = 38) at T1, to 1.99% (<i>n</i> = 25) at T2, and 1.36% (<i>n</i> = 17) at T3. The Sankey plots showed that only 10 (0.8%) and 11 (0.88%) patients exhibited anosmia and ageusia throughout all the follow-ups. The exponential curves revealed a progressive decrease in prevalence, demonstrating that self-reported anosmia and ageusia improved in the years following hospitalization. The female sex (OR4.254, 95% CI 1.184–15.294) and sufferers of asthma (OR7.086, 95% CI 1.359–36.936) were factors associated with the development of anosmia at T2, whereas internal care unit admission was a protective factor (OR0.891, 95% CI 0.819–0.970) for developing anosmia at T2. The use of a graphical method, such as a Sankey plot, shows that post-COVID self-reported anosmia and ageusia exhibit fluctuations during the first years after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, self-reported anosmia and ageusia also show a decrease in prevalence during the first years after infection, as expressed by exponential bar plots. The female sex was associated with the development of post-COVID anosmia, but not ageusia, in our cohort of elderly patients previously hospitalized due to COVID-19. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:37:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c87d0e337d1340e7af591d36048dda56 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:37:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-c87d0e337d1340e7af591d36048dda562023-11-18T16:53:13ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-06-011213439110.3390/jcm12134391Prevalence of Self-Reported Anosmia and Ageusia in Elderly Patients Who Had Been Previously Hospitalized by SARS-CoV-2: The LONG-COVID-EXP Multicenter StudyCésar Fernández-de-las-Peñas0Ricardo Ortega-Santiago1Ignacio Cancela-Cilleruelo2Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez3Stella Fuensalida-Novo4José D. Martín-Guerrero5Óscar J. Pellicer-Valero6Margarita Cigarán-Méndez7Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, SpainDepartment of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, SpainDepartment of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, SpainDepartment of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, SpainDepartment of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, SpainIntelligent Data Analysis Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, ETSE (Engineering School), Universitat de València (UV), 46100 Burjassot, SpainImage Processing Laboratory (IPL), Universitat de València, Parc Científic, 46010 València, SpainDepartment of Psychology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, SpainWe explored two different graph methods for visualizing the prevalence of self-reported post-COVID anosmia and ageusia in a large sample of individuals who had been previously hospitalized in five different hospitals. A cohort of 1266 previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors participated. Participants were assessed at hospitalization (T0) and at three different follow-up periods: 8.4 (T1), 13.2 (T2), and 18.3 (T3) months after hospital discharge. They were asked about the presence of self-reported anosmia and ageusia that they attributed to infection. Anosmia was defined as a self-perceived feeling of complete loss of smell. Ageusia was defined as a self-perceived feeling of complete loss of taste. Data about hospitalization were recorded from medical records. The results revealed that the prevalence of anosmia decreased from 8.29% (<i>n</i> = 105) at hospitalization (T0), to 4.47% (<i>n</i> = 56) at T1, to 3.27% (<i>n</i> = 41) at T2, and 3.35% (<i>n</i> = 42) at T3. Similarly, the prevalence of ageusia was 7.10% (<i>n</i> = 89) at the onset of SARS-CoV-2 infection (T0), but decreased to 3.03% (<i>n</i> = 38) at T1, to 1.99% (<i>n</i> = 25) at T2, and 1.36% (<i>n</i> = 17) at T3. The Sankey plots showed that only 10 (0.8%) and 11 (0.88%) patients exhibited anosmia and ageusia throughout all the follow-ups. The exponential curves revealed a progressive decrease in prevalence, demonstrating that self-reported anosmia and ageusia improved in the years following hospitalization. The female sex (OR4.254, 95% CI 1.184–15.294) and sufferers of asthma (OR7.086, 95% CI 1.359–36.936) were factors associated with the development of anosmia at T2, whereas internal care unit admission was a protective factor (OR0.891, 95% CI 0.819–0.970) for developing anosmia at T2. The use of a graphical method, such as a Sankey plot, shows that post-COVID self-reported anosmia and ageusia exhibit fluctuations during the first years after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, self-reported anosmia and ageusia also show a decrease in prevalence during the first years after infection, as expressed by exponential bar plots. The female sex was associated with the development of post-COVID anosmia, but not ageusia, in our cohort of elderly patients previously hospitalized due to COVID-19.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/13/4391COVID-19anosmiaageusiasymptomstrajectorySankey plots |
| spellingShingle | César Fernández-de-las-Peñas Ricardo Ortega-Santiago Ignacio Cancela-Cilleruelo Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez Stella Fuensalida-Novo José D. Martín-Guerrero Óscar J. Pellicer-Valero Margarita Cigarán-Méndez Prevalence of Self-Reported Anosmia and Ageusia in Elderly Patients Who Had Been Previously Hospitalized by SARS-CoV-2: The LONG-COVID-EXP Multicenter Study Journal of Clinical Medicine COVID-19 anosmia ageusia symptoms trajectory Sankey plots |
| title | Prevalence of Self-Reported Anosmia and Ageusia in Elderly Patients Who Had Been Previously Hospitalized by SARS-CoV-2: The LONG-COVID-EXP Multicenter Study |
| title_full | Prevalence of Self-Reported Anosmia and Ageusia in Elderly Patients Who Had Been Previously Hospitalized by SARS-CoV-2: The LONG-COVID-EXP Multicenter Study |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of Self-Reported Anosmia and Ageusia in Elderly Patients Who Had Been Previously Hospitalized by SARS-CoV-2: The LONG-COVID-EXP Multicenter Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of Self-Reported Anosmia and Ageusia in Elderly Patients Who Had Been Previously Hospitalized by SARS-CoV-2: The LONG-COVID-EXP Multicenter Study |
| title_short | Prevalence of Self-Reported Anosmia and Ageusia in Elderly Patients Who Had Been Previously Hospitalized by SARS-CoV-2: The LONG-COVID-EXP Multicenter Study |
| title_sort | prevalence of self reported anosmia and ageusia in elderly patients who had been previously hospitalized by sars cov 2 the long covid exp multicenter study |
| topic | COVID-19 anosmia ageusia symptoms trajectory Sankey plots |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/13/4391 |
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