Analysis of Flexibility Potential of a Cold Warehouse with Different Refrigeration Compressors
The research into new approaches to shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources (RES) has surged as environmental issues are on the rise, and fossil fuel sources are becoming scarce. The flexibility potential of cold supply systems has been discussed widely in the literature, firstly due to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/1/85 |
| _version_ | 1797358894486388736 |
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| author | Ehsan Khorsandnejad Robert Malzahn Ann-Katrin Oldenburg Annedore Mittreiter Christian Doetsch |
| author_facet | Ehsan Khorsandnejad Robert Malzahn Ann-Katrin Oldenburg Annedore Mittreiter Christian Doetsch |
| author_sort | Ehsan Khorsandnejad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The research into new approaches to shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources (RES) has surged as environmental issues are on the rise, and fossil fuel sources are becoming scarce. The flexibility potential of cold supply systems has been discussed widely in the literature, firstly due to their high share of electricity consumption worldwide and secondly because of their potential to store thermal energy in the form of cold energy. However, finding a clear definition of flexibility and a concise approach for its quantification is still under progress. In this work, a comprehensive definition of the flexibility of energy systems and a novel methodology for its quantification are introduced. The methodology was applied on a cold warehouse with real data regarding its cold energy demand. The cold warehouse was first modeled via oemof, which is a modular open source framework developed in Python 3.8 using a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) optimization approach. The operation optimization of the cold warehouse was conducted for three goals, namely “minimization of electricity costs”, “minimization of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions”, and “minimization of maximum used electric power (peak load minimization)”. Additionally, the effect of using different types of refrigeration compressors on the optimized operation of the cold warehouse was investigated. The results suggest that a cold warehouse possesses a high level of flexibility potential, which can be taken advantage of to reduce the electricity cost by up to 50%, the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions between 25% to 30%, and the maximum used electric power by 50%. Different compressor types produced very similar results, although their flexibility level may vary. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:08:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c87ebf1943984b799d90d24d10dde60f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:08:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-c87ebf1943984b799d90d24d10dde60f2024-01-10T14:55:43ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-12-011718510.3390/en17010085Analysis of Flexibility Potential of a Cold Warehouse with Different Refrigeration CompressorsEhsan Khorsandnejad0Robert Malzahn1Ann-Katrin Oldenburg2Annedore Mittreiter3Christian Doetsch4Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Straße 3, 46047 Oberhausen, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Straße 3, 46047 Oberhausen, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Straße 3, 46047 Oberhausen, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Straße 3, 46047 Oberhausen, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Straße 3, 46047 Oberhausen, GermanyThe research into new approaches to shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources (RES) has surged as environmental issues are on the rise, and fossil fuel sources are becoming scarce. The flexibility potential of cold supply systems has been discussed widely in the literature, firstly due to their high share of electricity consumption worldwide and secondly because of their potential to store thermal energy in the form of cold energy. However, finding a clear definition of flexibility and a concise approach for its quantification is still under progress. In this work, a comprehensive definition of the flexibility of energy systems and a novel methodology for its quantification are introduced. The methodology was applied on a cold warehouse with real data regarding its cold energy demand. The cold warehouse was first modeled via oemof, which is a modular open source framework developed in Python 3.8 using a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) optimization approach. The operation optimization of the cold warehouse was conducted for three goals, namely “minimization of electricity costs”, “minimization of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions”, and “minimization of maximum used electric power (peak load minimization)”. Additionally, the effect of using different types of refrigeration compressors on the optimized operation of the cold warehouse was investigated. The results suggest that a cold warehouse possesses a high level of flexibility potential, which can be taken advantage of to reduce the electricity cost by up to 50%, the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions between 25% to 30%, and the maximum used electric power by 50%. Different compressor types produced very similar results, although their flexibility level may vary.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/1/85flexibilityenergy systemcold supply systemcold warehouserenewable energy sourceselectricity costs |
| spellingShingle | Ehsan Khorsandnejad Robert Malzahn Ann-Katrin Oldenburg Annedore Mittreiter Christian Doetsch Analysis of Flexibility Potential of a Cold Warehouse with Different Refrigeration Compressors Energies flexibility energy system cold supply system cold warehouse renewable energy sources electricity costs |
| title | Analysis of Flexibility Potential of a Cold Warehouse with Different Refrigeration Compressors |
| title_full | Analysis of Flexibility Potential of a Cold Warehouse with Different Refrigeration Compressors |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Flexibility Potential of a Cold Warehouse with Different Refrigeration Compressors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Flexibility Potential of a Cold Warehouse with Different Refrigeration Compressors |
| title_short | Analysis of Flexibility Potential of a Cold Warehouse with Different Refrigeration Compressors |
| title_sort | analysis of flexibility potential of a cold warehouse with different refrigeration compressors |
| topic | flexibility energy system cold supply system cold warehouse renewable energy sources electricity costs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/1/85 |
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