Influence of Eugenol and Its Novel Methacrylated Derivative on the Polymerization Degree of Resin-Based Composites
The aim of this work was to assess the limiting rate of eugenol (Eg) and eugenyl-glycidyl methacrylate (EgGMA) at which the ideal degree of conversion (DC) of resin composites is achieved. For this, two series of experimental composites, containing, besides reinforcing silica and a photo-initiator s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/5/1124 |
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| author | Ali Alrahlah Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni Waseem Sharaf Saeed Naaser A. Y. Abduh Rawaiz Khan Abdulrahman Alshabib Faisal Fahad N. Almajhdi Riad M. Alodeni Merry Angelyn Tan De Vera |
| author_facet | Ali Alrahlah Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni Waseem Sharaf Saeed Naaser A. Y. Abduh Rawaiz Khan Abdulrahman Alshabib Faisal Fahad N. Almajhdi Riad M. Alodeni Merry Angelyn Tan De Vera |
| author_sort | Ali Alrahlah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this work was to assess the limiting rate of eugenol (Eg) and eugenyl-glycidyl methacrylate (EgGMA) at which the ideal degree of conversion (DC) of resin composites is achieved. For this, two series of experimental composites, containing, besides reinforcing silica and a photo-initiator system, either EgGMA or Eg molecules at 0–6.8 wt% per resin matrix, principally consisting of urethane dimethacrylate (50 wt% per composite), were prepared and denoted as UGx and UEx, where x refers to the EgGMA or Eg wt% in the composite, respectively. Disc-shaped specimens (5 × 1 mm) were fabricated, photocured for 60 s, and analyzed for their Fourier transform infrared spectra before and after curing. The results revealed concentration-dependent DC, increased from 56.70% (control; UG0 = UE0) to 63.87% and 65.06% for UG3.4 and UE0.4, respectively, then dramatically decreased with the concentration increase. The insufficiency in DC due to EgGMA and Eg incorporation, i.e., DC below the suggested clinical limit (>55%), was observed beyond UG3.4 and UE0.8. The mechanism behind such inhibition is still not fully determined; however, radicals generated by Eg may drive its free radical polymerization inhibitory activity, while the steric hindrance and reactivity of EgGMA express its traced effect at high percentages. Therefore, while Eg is a severe inhibitor for radical polymerization, EgGMA is safer and can be used to benefit resin-based composites when used at a low percentage per resin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:13:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c88654ea426f4142bf70595e43c4a02d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:13:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-c88654ea426f4142bf70595e43c4a02d2023-11-17T08:26:25ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-02-01155112410.3390/polym15051124Influence of Eugenol and Its Novel Methacrylated Derivative on the Polymerization Degree of Resin-Based CompositesAli Alrahlah0Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni1Waseem Sharaf Saeed2Naaser A. Y. Abduh3Rawaiz Khan4Abdulrahman Alshabib5Faisal Fahad N. Almajhdi6Riad M. Alodeni7Merry Angelyn Tan De Vera8Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi ArabiaEngineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi ArabiaEngineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaEngineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi ArabiaRestorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi ArabiaEngineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi ArabiaDivision of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb P. O. Box 70270, YemenResearch Center, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaThe aim of this work was to assess the limiting rate of eugenol (Eg) and eugenyl-glycidyl methacrylate (EgGMA) at which the ideal degree of conversion (DC) of resin composites is achieved. For this, two series of experimental composites, containing, besides reinforcing silica and a photo-initiator system, either EgGMA or Eg molecules at 0–6.8 wt% per resin matrix, principally consisting of urethane dimethacrylate (50 wt% per composite), were prepared and denoted as UGx and UEx, where x refers to the EgGMA or Eg wt% in the composite, respectively. Disc-shaped specimens (5 × 1 mm) were fabricated, photocured for 60 s, and analyzed for their Fourier transform infrared spectra before and after curing. The results revealed concentration-dependent DC, increased from 56.70% (control; UG0 = UE0) to 63.87% and 65.06% for UG3.4 and UE0.4, respectively, then dramatically decreased with the concentration increase. The insufficiency in DC due to EgGMA and Eg incorporation, i.e., DC below the suggested clinical limit (>55%), was observed beyond UG3.4 and UE0.8. The mechanism behind such inhibition is still not fully determined; however, radicals generated by Eg may drive its free radical polymerization inhibitory activity, while the steric hindrance and reactivity of EgGMA express its traced effect at high percentages. Therefore, while Eg is a severe inhibitor for radical polymerization, EgGMA is safer and can be used to benefit resin-based composites when used at a low percentage per resin.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/5/1124eugenol derivativemethacrylate derivativefree radical inhibitiondegree of conversiondental composites |
| spellingShingle | Ali Alrahlah Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni Waseem Sharaf Saeed Naaser A. Y. Abduh Rawaiz Khan Abdulrahman Alshabib Faisal Fahad N. Almajhdi Riad M. Alodeni Merry Angelyn Tan De Vera Influence of Eugenol and Its Novel Methacrylated Derivative on the Polymerization Degree of Resin-Based Composites Polymers eugenol derivative methacrylate derivative free radical inhibition degree of conversion dental composites |
| title | Influence of Eugenol and Its Novel Methacrylated Derivative on the Polymerization Degree of Resin-Based Composites |
| title_full | Influence of Eugenol and Its Novel Methacrylated Derivative on the Polymerization Degree of Resin-Based Composites |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Eugenol and Its Novel Methacrylated Derivative on the Polymerization Degree of Resin-Based Composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Eugenol and Its Novel Methacrylated Derivative on the Polymerization Degree of Resin-Based Composites |
| title_short | Influence of Eugenol and Its Novel Methacrylated Derivative on the Polymerization Degree of Resin-Based Composites |
| title_sort | influence of eugenol and its novel methacrylated derivative on the polymerization degree of resin based composites |
| topic | eugenol derivative methacrylate derivative free radical inhibition degree of conversion dental composites |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/5/1124 |
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