Roles of Exosome-Like Vesicles Released from Inflammatory C2C12 Myotubes: Regulation of Myocyte Differentiation and Myokine Expression
Background/Aims: The complicated differentiation processes of cells in skeletal muscle against inflammation that induce muscle atrophy are not fully elucidated. Given that skeletal muscle is a secretory organ, we evaluated the effects of inflammation on myogenic signals and myokine expression, and t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cell Physiol Biochem Press GmbH & Co KG
2018-08-01
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| Series: | Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/492505 |
| _version_ | 1819039784679505920 |
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| author | Sujin Kim Min-Jae Lee Ji-Young Choi Dong-Ho Park Hyo-Bum Kwak Sohee Moon Je-Woo Koh Hun-Kyu Shin Ji-Kan Ryu Chang-Shin Park Jai Hyung Park Ju-Hee Kang |
| author_facet | Sujin Kim Min-Jae Lee Ji-Young Choi Dong-Ho Park Hyo-Bum Kwak Sohee Moon Je-Woo Koh Hun-Kyu Shin Ji-Kan Ryu Chang-Shin Park Jai Hyung Park Ju-Hee Kang |
| author_sort | Sujin Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background/Aims: The complicated differentiation processes of cells in skeletal muscle against inflammation that induce muscle atrophy are not fully elucidated. Given that skeletal muscle is a secretory organ, we evaluated the effects of inflammation on myogenic signals and myokine expression, and the roles of inflammatory exosomes released by myotubes in myogenic differentiation. Methods: Inflammation was induced by treatment of fully differentiated C2C12 myotubes with a cytokine mixture of TNF-α and INF-γ. Exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) were isolated from conditioned media of control or inflamed myotubes and incubated with myoblasts. The expression of molecular switches that contribute to myogenic differentiation, including several kinases, their downstream targets, and myokines, were evaluated using immunoblot analysis in inflamed myotubes and in myoblasts treated with ELVs. Results: Inflammation activated molecular mechanisms contributing to muscle atrophy, including AMPK, p-38 MAPK and JNK, while inhibiting Akt-mediated myogenic signals. In addition, inflammation induced myostatin expression with suppression of a myostatin-counteracting myokine, decorin. Well-characterized ELVs released from inflamed myotubes induced myoblast inflammation and inhibited myogenic mechanisms while stimulating atrophic signals. Conclusion: Inflammation of skeletal muscle induces muscle atrophy via multiple mechanisms, including the regulation of myokines and kinases. Inflammatory ELVs are likely to contribute to inflammation-induced muscle atrophy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T08:58:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c886d336aa354701b7be569b33445782 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1015-8987 1421-9778 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T08:58:43Z |
| publishDate | 2018-08-01 |
| publisher | Cell Physiol Biochem Press GmbH & Co KG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-c886d336aa354701b7be569b334457822022-12-21T19:09:31ZengCell Physiol Biochem Press GmbH & Co KGCellular Physiology and Biochemistry1015-89871421-97782018-08-014851829184210.1159/000492505492505Roles of Exosome-Like Vesicles Released from Inflammatory C2C12 Myotubes: Regulation of Myocyte Differentiation and Myokine ExpressionSujin KimMin-Jae LeeJi-Young ChoiDong-Ho ParkHyo-Bum KwakSohee MoonJe-Woo KohHun-Kyu ShinJi-Kan RyuChang-Shin ParkJai Hyung ParkJu-Hee KangBackground/Aims: The complicated differentiation processes of cells in skeletal muscle against inflammation that induce muscle atrophy are not fully elucidated. Given that skeletal muscle is a secretory organ, we evaluated the effects of inflammation on myogenic signals and myokine expression, and the roles of inflammatory exosomes released by myotubes in myogenic differentiation. Methods: Inflammation was induced by treatment of fully differentiated C2C12 myotubes with a cytokine mixture of TNF-α and INF-γ. Exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) were isolated from conditioned media of control or inflamed myotubes and incubated with myoblasts. The expression of molecular switches that contribute to myogenic differentiation, including several kinases, their downstream targets, and myokines, were evaluated using immunoblot analysis in inflamed myotubes and in myoblasts treated with ELVs. Results: Inflammation activated molecular mechanisms contributing to muscle atrophy, including AMPK, p-38 MAPK and JNK, while inhibiting Akt-mediated myogenic signals. In addition, inflammation induced myostatin expression with suppression of a myostatin-counteracting myokine, decorin. Well-characterized ELVs released from inflamed myotubes induced myoblast inflammation and inhibited myogenic mechanisms while stimulating atrophic signals. Conclusion: Inflammation of skeletal muscle induces muscle atrophy via multiple mechanisms, including the regulation of myokines and kinases. Inflammatory ELVs are likely to contribute to inflammation-induced muscle atrophy.https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/492505Skeletal muscleInflammationExosomeMyokineMyogenic differentiationAtrophy |
| spellingShingle | Sujin Kim Min-Jae Lee Ji-Young Choi Dong-Ho Park Hyo-Bum Kwak Sohee Moon Je-Woo Koh Hun-Kyu Shin Ji-Kan Ryu Chang-Shin Park Jai Hyung Park Ju-Hee Kang Roles of Exosome-Like Vesicles Released from Inflammatory C2C12 Myotubes: Regulation of Myocyte Differentiation and Myokine Expression Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry Skeletal muscle Inflammation Exosome Myokine Myogenic differentiation Atrophy |
| title | Roles of Exosome-Like Vesicles Released from Inflammatory C2C12 Myotubes: Regulation of Myocyte Differentiation and Myokine Expression |
| title_full | Roles of Exosome-Like Vesicles Released from Inflammatory C2C12 Myotubes: Regulation of Myocyte Differentiation and Myokine Expression |
| title_fullStr | Roles of Exosome-Like Vesicles Released from Inflammatory C2C12 Myotubes: Regulation of Myocyte Differentiation and Myokine Expression |
| title_full_unstemmed | Roles of Exosome-Like Vesicles Released from Inflammatory C2C12 Myotubes: Regulation of Myocyte Differentiation and Myokine Expression |
| title_short | Roles of Exosome-Like Vesicles Released from Inflammatory C2C12 Myotubes: Regulation of Myocyte Differentiation and Myokine Expression |
| title_sort | roles of exosome like vesicles released from inflammatory c2c12 myotubes regulation of myocyte differentiation and myokine expression |
| topic | Skeletal muscle Inflammation Exosome Myokine Myogenic differentiation Atrophy |
| url | https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/492505 |
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