Stirred and non-stirred lignin solvolysis with formic acid in aqueous and ethanolic solvent systems at different levels of loading in a 5-L reactor
Lignin polymer is biologically and chemically stable and requires highly vigorous conditions for de-polymerization, and subsequent stabilization of the monomeric conversion products to prevent re-polymerization and char production. The Lignin-to-Liquid (LtL) process is a solvolytic conversion of lig...
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Alpha Creation Enterprise
2019-03-01
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| Series: | Biofuel Research Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://www.biofueljournal.com/article_83047_11f4d7e28f0171f0b407227941346a41.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797243605325185024 |
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| author | Solmaz Ghoreishi Tanja Barth Hailegebrel Derribsa |
| author_facet | Solmaz Ghoreishi Tanja Barth Hailegebrel Derribsa |
| author_sort | Solmaz Ghoreishi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lignin polymer is biologically and chemically stable and requires highly vigorous conditions for de-polymerization, and subsequent stabilization of the monomeric conversion products to prevent re-polymerization and char production. The Lignin-to-Liquid (LtL) process is a solvolytic conversion of lignin with formic acid. Formic acid has been shown to both catalyze the de-polymerization and supply hydrogen that stabilizes the de-polymerization products. In this paper, lignin from Eucalyptus wood was used as the feedstock, and the LtL-process was performed in both aqueous and ethanolic solvent systems. The experimental variables were different levels of loading in the reactor, stirred and non-stirred conditions, and different reaction temperatures. The bio-oil consisted mostly of phenolic compounds, and the bio-oil yields differed with type of the solvent used, level of loading in the reactor, stirring condition, and operating temperature. More than 55 wt.% of the lignin was recovered as bio-oil at 320 °C at stirred conditions when the reactor was loaded at high level. Overall, the ethanolic solvent together with maximum level of loading in the reactor under stirred condition resulted in the highest bio-oil yield. Elemental balance data for bio-oil and char yields and the molecular composition of the bio-oils were also investigated using, respectively, elemental analysis and GC-MS. Finally, principal component analysis was used as well to systematically explore the relationship between the bio-oil and char yields and the reaction conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:57:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c8a5a533c391470198a541c412197eb6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2292-8782 2292-8782 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:57:46Z |
| publishDate | 2019-03-01 |
| publisher | Alpha Creation Enterprise |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biofuel Research Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-c8a5a533c391470198a541c412197eb62024-03-26T15:13:22ZengAlpha Creation EnterpriseBiofuel Research Journal2292-87822292-87822019-03-016193794610.18331/BRJ2019.6.1.583047Stirred and non-stirred lignin solvolysis with formic acid in aqueous and ethanolic solvent systems at different levels of loading in a 5-L reactorSolmaz Ghoreishi0Tanja Barth1Hailegebrel Derribsa2Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Norway, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway.Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Norway, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway.Mjøsvegen 6J, 2380 Brumunddal, Norway.Lignin polymer is biologically and chemically stable and requires highly vigorous conditions for de-polymerization, and subsequent stabilization of the monomeric conversion products to prevent re-polymerization and char production. The Lignin-to-Liquid (LtL) process is a solvolytic conversion of lignin with formic acid. Formic acid has been shown to both catalyze the de-polymerization and supply hydrogen that stabilizes the de-polymerization products. In this paper, lignin from Eucalyptus wood was used as the feedstock, and the LtL-process was performed in both aqueous and ethanolic solvent systems. The experimental variables were different levels of loading in the reactor, stirred and non-stirred conditions, and different reaction temperatures. The bio-oil consisted mostly of phenolic compounds, and the bio-oil yields differed with type of the solvent used, level of loading in the reactor, stirring condition, and operating temperature. More than 55 wt.% of the lignin was recovered as bio-oil at 320 °C at stirred conditions when the reactor was loaded at high level. Overall, the ethanolic solvent together with maximum level of loading in the reactor under stirred condition resulted in the highest bio-oil yield. Elemental balance data for bio-oil and char yields and the molecular composition of the bio-oils were also investigated using, respectively, elemental analysis and GC-MS. Finally, principal component analysis was used as well to systematically explore the relationship between the bio-oil and char yields and the reaction conditions.http://www.biofueljournal.com/article_83047_11f4d7e28f0171f0b407227941346a41.pdfLignin de-polymerizationStabilizationLignin-to-Liquid5-L ScaleStirring |
| spellingShingle | Solmaz Ghoreishi Tanja Barth Hailegebrel Derribsa Stirred and non-stirred lignin solvolysis with formic acid in aqueous and ethanolic solvent systems at different levels of loading in a 5-L reactor Biofuel Research Journal Lignin de-polymerization Stabilization Lignin-to-Liquid 5-L Scale Stirring |
| title | Stirred and non-stirred lignin solvolysis with formic acid in aqueous and ethanolic solvent systems at different levels of loading in a 5-L reactor |
| title_full | Stirred and non-stirred lignin solvolysis with formic acid in aqueous and ethanolic solvent systems at different levels of loading in a 5-L reactor |
| title_fullStr | Stirred and non-stirred lignin solvolysis with formic acid in aqueous and ethanolic solvent systems at different levels of loading in a 5-L reactor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stirred and non-stirred lignin solvolysis with formic acid in aqueous and ethanolic solvent systems at different levels of loading in a 5-L reactor |
| title_short | Stirred and non-stirred lignin solvolysis with formic acid in aqueous and ethanolic solvent systems at different levels of loading in a 5-L reactor |
| title_sort | stirred and non stirred lignin solvolysis with formic acid in aqueous and ethanolic solvent systems at different levels of loading in a 5 l reactor |
| topic | Lignin de-polymerization Stabilization Lignin-to-Liquid 5-L Scale Stirring |
| url | http://www.biofueljournal.com/article_83047_11f4d7e28f0171f0b407227941346a41.pdf |
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