A role for an HTLV-1 vaccine?
HTLV-1 is a global infection with 5-20 million infected individuals. Although only a minority of infected individuals develop myelopathy, lymphoproliferative malignancy, or inflammatory disorders, infection is associated with immunosuppression and shorter survival. Transmission of HTLV-1 is through...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.953650/full |
| _version_ | 1798002105665978368 |
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| author | Lee Ratner |
| author_facet | Lee Ratner |
| author_sort | Lee Ratner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | HTLV-1 is a global infection with 5-20 million infected individuals. Although only a minority of infected individuals develop myelopathy, lymphoproliferative malignancy, or inflammatory disorders, infection is associated with immunosuppression and shorter survival. Transmission of HTLV-1 is through contaminated blood or needles, mother-to-child exposure through breast-feeding, and sexual intercourse. HTLV-1 is a delta retrovirus that expresses immunogenic Gag, Envelope, TAX, and Hbz proteins. Neutralizing antibodies have been identified directed against the surface envelope protein, and cytotoxic T-cell epitopes within TAX have been characterized. Thus far, there have been few investigations of vaccines directed against each of these proteins, with limited responses, thus far. However, with new technologies developed in the last few years, a renewed investigation is warranted in search for a safe and effective HTLV-1 vaccine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:48:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c8a7e33e792b4d1e843b1d580c3fa57b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:48:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c8a7e33e792b4d1e843b1d580c3fa57b2022-12-22T04:25:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-09-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.953650953650A role for an HTLV-1 vaccine?Lee RatnerHTLV-1 is a global infection with 5-20 million infected individuals. Although only a minority of infected individuals develop myelopathy, lymphoproliferative malignancy, or inflammatory disorders, infection is associated with immunosuppression and shorter survival. Transmission of HTLV-1 is through contaminated blood or needles, mother-to-child exposure through breast-feeding, and sexual intercourse. HTLV-1 is a delta retrovirus that expresses immunogenic Gag, Envelope, TAX, and Hbz proteins. Neutralizing antibodies have been identified directed against the surface envelope protein, and cytotoxic T-cell epitopes within TAX have been characterized. Thus far, there have been few investigations of vaccines directed against each of these proteins, with limited responses, thus far. However, with new technologies developed in the last few years, a renewed investigation is warranted in search for a safe and effective HTLV-1 vaccine.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.953650/fullHTLV 1TAXenvelope (E)glycoprotein (GP)vaccineneutralizing abs |
| spellingShingle | Lee Ratner A role for an HTLV-1 vaccine? Frontiers in Immunology HTLV 1 TAX envelope (E) glycoprotein (GP) vaccine neutralizing abs |
| title | A role for an HTLV-1 vaccine? |
| title_full | A role for an HTLV-1 vaccine? |
| title_fullStr | A role for an HTLV-1 vaccine? |
| title_full_unstemmed | A role for an HTLV-1 vaccine? |
| title_short | A role for an HTLV-1 vaccine? |
| title_sort | role for an htlv 1 vaccine |
| topic | HTLV 1 TAX envelope (E) glycoprotein (GP) vaccine neutralizing abs |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.953650/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT leeratner aroleforanhtlv1vaccine AT leeratner roleforanhtlv1vaccine |