Effects of Dietary N-Carbamylglutamate on Growth Performance, Apparent Digestibility, Nitrogen Metabolism and Plasma Metabolites of Fattening Holstein Bulls
<i>N</i>-carbamylglutamate (NCG), a structural analog of <i>N</i>-acetylglutamate, improves nitrogen utilization in dairy cows. However, the effects of NCG on bulls are unknown. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the effects of adding different amounts of...
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/1/126 |
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| author | Jinshan Yang Jian Zheng Xinpeng Fang Xin Jiang Yukun Sun Yonggen Zhang |
| author_facet | Jinshan Yang Jian Zheng Xinpeng Fang Xin Jiang Yukun Sun Yonggen Zhang |
| author_sort | Jinshan Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>N</i>-carbamylglutamate (NCG), a structural analog of <i>N</i>-acetylglutamate, improves nitrogen utilization in dairy cows. However, the effects of NCG on bulls are unknown. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the effects of adding different amounts of NCG on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and plasma metabolites of fattening Holstein bulls. Twenty-four Holstein bulls with similar body weights (BW, 408 ± 21.9 kg) and ages (450 ± 6.1 d; all mean ± SD) were selected for the feeding trial. After 2 weeks of adaptation, bulls were blocked by BW and age and subsequently randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: (1) CON group (control diet), (2) L group (supplementation with 20 mg/kg BW NCG), (3) M group (supplementation with 40 mg/kg BW NCG), or (4) H group (supplementation with 80 mg/kg BW NCG). The addition of NCG linearly and quadratically increased the average daily gain (CON vs. L vs. M vs. H = 1.03 vs. 1.19 vs. 1.40 vs. 1.26 kg/d) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), feed conversion ratio (CON vs. L vs. M vs. H = 11.92 vs. 9.22 vs. 7.76 vs. 8.62) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), crude protein digestibility (CON vs. L vs. M vs. H = 64.3 vs. 63.8 vs. 67.7 vs. 65.8%) (0.05 < <i>p</i> < 0.10), N retention (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and <i>N</i> utilization (<i>p</i> < 0.05) of bulls, whereas the contents of fecal <i>N</i> (0.05 < <i>p</i> < 0.10) and urinary <i>N</i> (0.05 < <i>p</i> < 0.10) in NCG-fed bulls linearly decreased compared with those in CON bulls. Bulls fed NCG showed a quadratic increased plasma nitric oxide (<i>p</i> < 0.05) concentration. Furthermore, Arg (<i>p</i> < 0.05), Ile (<i>p</i> < 0.05), Val (<i>p</i> < 0.05), Ala (<i>p</i> < 0.05), Glu (<i>p</i> < 0.05), Ser (<i>p</i> < 0.05), total essential amino acid (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and total nonessential amino acid (<i>p</i> < 0.05) concentrations linearly and quadratically increased with increasing doses of NCG. In contrast, plasma urea (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and ammonia (<i>p</i> < 0.05) concentration linearly and quadratically decreased with increasing doses of NCG. Overall, the addition of NCG increased plasma Arg, Ile, Val, TEAA and TNEAA concentration, which in turn resulted in a higher N utilization and, therefore, higher average daily gain in NCG-fed bulls, providing baseline data for the widespread application of NCG in beef cattle production. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:36:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-c8ac06912bc3484f8f55eedaa78defd12023-12-03T12:29:23ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-01-0111112610.3390/ani11010126Effects of Dietary N-Carbamylglutamate on Growth Performance, Apparent Digestibility, Nitrogen Metabolism and Plasma Metabolites of Fattening Holstein BullsJinshan Yang0Jian Zheng1Xinpeng Fang2Xin Jiang3Yukun Sun4Yonggen Zhang5College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China<i>N</i>-carbamylglutamate (NCG), a structural analog of <i>N</i>-acetylglutamate, improves nitrogen utilization in dairy cows. However, the effects of NCG on bulls are unknown. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the effects of adding different amounts of NCG on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and plasma metabolites of fattening Holstein bulls. Twenty-four Holstein bulls with similar body weights (BW, 408 ± 21.9 kg) and ages (450 ± 6.1 d; all mean ± SD) were selected for the feeding trial. After 2 weeks of adaptation, bulls were blocked by BW and age and subsequently randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: (1) CON group (control diet), (2) L group (supplementation with 20 mg/kg BW NCG), (3) M group (supplementation with 40 mg/kg BW NCG), or (4) H group (supplementation with 80 mg/kg BW NCG). The addition of NCG linearly and quadratically increased the average daily gain (CON vs. L vs. M vs. H = 1.03 vs. 1.19 vs. 1.40 vs. 1.26 kg/d) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), feed conversion ratio (CON vs. L vs. M vs. H = 11.92 vs. 9.22 vs. 7.76 vs. 8.62) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), crude protein digestibility (CON vs. L vs. M vs. H = 64.3 vs. 63.8 vs. 67.7 vs. 65.8%) (0.05 < <i>p</i> < 0.10), N retention (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and <i>N</i> utilization (<i>p</i> < 0.05) of bulls, whereas the contents of fecal <i>N</i> (0.05 < <i>p</i> < 0.10) and urinary <i>N</i> (0.05 < <i>p</i> < 0.10) in NCG-fed bulls linearly decreased compared with those in CON bulls. Bulls fed NCG showed a quadratic increased plasma nitric oxide (<i>p</i> < 0.05) concentration. Furthermore, Arg (<i>p</i> < 0.05), Ile (<i>p</i> < 0.05), Val (<i>p</i> < 0.05), Ala (<i>p</i> < 0.05), Glu (<i>p</i> < 0.05), Ser (<i>p</i> < 0.05), total essential amino acid (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and total nonessential amino acid (<i>p</i> < 0.05) concentrations linearly and quadratically increased with increasing doses of NCG. In contrast, plasma urea (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and ammonia (<i>p</i> < 0.05) concentration linearly and quadratically decreased with increasing doses of NCG. Overall, the addition of NCG increased plasma Arg, Ile, Val, TEAA and TNEAA concentration, which in turn resulted in a higher N utilization and, therefore, higher average daily gain in NCG-fed bulls, providing baseline data for the widespread application of NCG in beef cattle production.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/1/126<i>N</i>-carbamylglutamatebullsgrowthnitrogen utilizationarginine |
| spellingShingle | Jinshan Yang Jian Zheng Xinpeng Fang Xin Jiang Yukun Sun Yonggen Zhang Effects of Dietary N-Carbamylglutamate on Growth Performance, Apparent Digestibility, Nitrogen Metabolism and Plasma Metabolites of Fattening Holstein Bulls Animals <i>N</i>-carbamylglutamate bulls growth nitrogen utilization arginine |
| title | Effects of Dietary N-Carbamylglutamate on Growth Performance, Apparent Digestibility, Nitrogen Metabolism and Plasma Metabolites of Fattening Holstein Bulls |
| title_full | Effects of Dietary N-Carbamylglutamate on Growth Performance, Apparent Digestibility, Nitrogen Metabolism and Plasma Metabolites of Fattening Holstein Bulls |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Dietary N-Carbamylglutamate on Growth Performance, Apparent Digestibility, Nitrogen Metabolism and Plasma Metabolites of Fattening Holstein Bulls |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Dietary N-Carbamylglutamate on Growth Performance, Apparent Digestibility, Nitrogen Metabolism and Plasma Metabolites of Fattening Holstein Bulls |
| title_short | Effects of Dietary N-Carbamylglutamate on Growth Performance, Apparent Digestibility, Nitrogen Metabolism and Plasma Metabolites of Fattening Holstein Bulls |
| title_sort | effects of dietary n carbamylglutamate on growth performance apparent digestibility nitrogen metabolism and plasma metabolites of fattening holstein bulls |
| topic | <i>N</i>-carbamylglutamate bulls growth nitrogen utilization arginine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/1/126 |
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