Allelopathic effects of glucosinolate breakdown products in Hanza (Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam.) processing waste water
Boscia senegalensis is a drought resistant shrub whose seeds are used in West Africa as food. However, the seeds, or hanza, taste bitter which can be cured by soaking them in water for 4-7 days. The waste water resulting from the processing takes up the bitter taste, which makes it unsuitable for co...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2015.00532/full |
| _version_ | 1817995378243403776 |
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| author | Loren Jackeline Rivera-Vega Loren Jackeline Rivera-Vega Sebastian eKrosse Sebastian eKrosse Rob M. de Graaf Rob M. de Graaf Josef eGarvi Renate eGarvi Nicole M Van Dam Nicole M Van Dam Nicole M Van Dam |
| author_facet | Loren Jackeline Rivera-Vega Loren Jackeline Rivera-Vega Sebastian eKrosse Sebastian eKrosse Rob M. de Graaf Rob M. de Graaf Josef eGarvi Renate eGarvi Nicole M Van Dam Nicole M Van Dam Nicole M Van Dam |
| author_sort | Loren Jackeline Rivera-Vega |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Boscia senegalensis is a drought resistant shrub whose seeds are used in West Africa as food. However, the seeds, or hanza, taste bitter which can be cured by soaking them in water for 4-7 days. The waste water resulting from the processing takes up the bitter taste, which makes it unsuitable for consumption. When used for irrigation, allelopathic effects were observed. Glucosinolates and their breakdown products are the potential causes for both the bitter taste and the allelopathic effects. The objectives of this study are to identify and quantify the glucosinolates present in processed and unprocessed hanza as well as different organs of B. senegalensis, to analyze the chemical composition of the processing water, and to pinpoint the causal agent for the allelopathic properties of the waste water. Hanza (seeds without testa), leaves, branches, unripe and ripe fruits were collected in three populations and subjected to glucosinolate analyses. Methylglucosinolates were identified in all plant parts and populations, with the highest concentrations being found in the hanza. The levels of methylglucosinolates in the hanza reduced significantly during the soaking process. Waste water was collected for 6 days and contained large amounts of macro- and micronutrients, methylglucosinolate as well as methylisothiocyanate, resulting from the conversion of glucosinolates. Waste water from days 1-3 (High) and 4-6 (Low) was pooled and used to water seeds from 11 different crops and weeds. The High treatment significantly delayed or reduced germination of all the plant species tested. Using similar levels of methylisothiocyanate as detected in the waste water, we found that germination of a subset of the plant species was inhibited equally to the waste water treatments. This confirmed that the levels of methylisiothiocyanate in the waste water were sufficient to cause the allelopathic effect. This leads to the possibility of using hanza waste water in weed control programs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T02:06:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c8c5bd0a4d0d4c59a1d9add13fe43498 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T02:06:11Z |
| publishDate | 2015-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-c8c5bd0a4d0d4c59a1d9add13fe434982022-12-22T02:18:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2015-07-01610.3389/fpls.2015.00532152858Allelopathic effects of glucosinolate breakdown products in Hanza (Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam.) processing waste waterLoren Jackeline Rivera-Vega0Loren Jackeline Rivera-Vega1Sebastian eKrosse2Sebastian eKrosse3Rob M. de Graaf4Rob M. de Graaf5Josef eGarvi6Renate eGarvi7Nicole M Van Dam8Nicole M Van Dam9Nicole M Van Dam10German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-LeipzigThe Pennsylvania State UniversityInstitute for Water and Wetland Research (IWWR), Radboud UniversityB-WARE Research CentreInstitute for Water and Wetland Research (IWWR), Radboud UniversityInstitute for Water and Wetland Research (IWWR), Radboud UniversitySahara Sahel Foods S.A.R.L.Sahara Sahel Foods S.A.R.L.German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-LeipzigFriedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaInstitute for Water and Wetland Research (IWWR), Radboud UniversityBoscia senegalensis is a drought resistant shrub whose seeds are used in West Africa as food. However, the seeds, or hanza, taste bitter which can be cured by soaking them in water for 4-7 days. The waste water resulting from the processing takes up the bitter taste, which makes it unsuitable for consumption. When used for irrigation, allelopathic effects were observed. Glucosinolates and their breakdown products are the potential causes for both the bitter taste and the allelopathic effects. The objectives of this study are to identify and quantify the glucosinolates present in processed and unprocessed hanza as well as different organs of B. senegalensis, to analyze the chemical composition of the processing water, and to pinpoint the causal agent for the allelopathic properties of the waste water. Hanza (seeds without testa), leaves, branches, unripe and ripe fruits were collected in three populations and subjected to glucosinolate analyses. Methylglucosinolates were identified in all plant parts and populations, with the highest concentrations being found in the hanza. The levels of methylglucosinolates in the hanza reduced significantly during the soaking process. Waste water was collected for 6 days and contained large amounts of macro- and micronutrients, methylglucosinolate as well as methylisothiocyanate, resulting from the conversion of glucosinolates. Waste water from days 1-3 (High) and 4-6 (Low) was pooled and used to water seeds from 11 different crops and weeds. The High treatment significantly delayed or reduced germination of all the plant species tested. Using similar levels of methylisothiocyanate as detected in the waste water, we found that germination of a subset of the plant species was inhibited equally to the waste water treatments. This confirmed that the levels of methylisiothiocyanate in the waste water were sufficient to cause the allelopathic effect. This leads to the possibility of using hanza waste water in weed control programs.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2015.00532/fullAfricaWeed ControlAllelopathyecosystem servicesFamine foodMethylisothiocyanate |
| spellingShingle | Loren Jackeline Rivera-Vega Loren Jackeline Rivera-Vega Sebastian eKrosse Sebastian eKrosse Rob M. de Graaf Rob M. de Graaf Josef eGarvi Renate eGarvi Nicole M Van Dam Nicole M Van Dam Nicole M Van Dam Allelopathic effects of glucosinolate breakdown products in Hanza (Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam.) processing waste water Frontiers in Plant Science Africa Weed Control Allelopathy ecosystem services Famine food Methylisothiocyanate |
| title | Allelopathic effects of glucosinolate breakdown products in Hanza (Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam.) processing waste water |
| title_full | Allelopathic effects of glucosinolate breakdown products in Hanza (Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam.) processing waste water |
| title_fullStr | Allelopathic effects of glucosinolate breakdown products in Hanza (Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam.) processing waste water |
| title_full_unstemmed | Allelopathic effects of glucosinolate breakdown products in Hanza (Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam.) processing waste water |
| title_short | Allelopathic effects of glucosinolate breakdown products in Hanza (Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam.) processing waste water |
| title_sort | allelopathic effects of glucosinolate breakdown products in hanza boscia senegalensis pers lam processing waste water |
| topic | Africa Weed Control Allelopathy ecosystem services Famine food Methylisothiocyanate |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2015.00532/full |
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