Utilization of response surface methodology to optimize the mechanical behaviour of flax/nano TiO2/Epoxy based hybrid composites under liquid nitrogen environment
Linum usitatissimum commonly known as flax fibers, emerges as a promising reinforcement phase for artificial polymer resins, boasting ecological benefits, low density, and easy accessibility. However, the mechanical behavior of such composites hinges crucially on factors such as fiber mat thickness,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2024.1344351/full |
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| author | Sheriff F. Mohammed Ajmal L. Natrayan Jayant Giri Emad Makki Mohd Asif Shah Saurav Mallik |
| author_facet | Sheriff F. Mohammed Ajmal L. Natrayan Jayant Giri Emad Makki Mohd Asif Shah Saurav Mallik |
| author_sort | Sheriff F. Mohammed Ajmal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Linum usitatissimum commonly known as flax fibers, emerges as a promising reinforcement phase for artificial polymer resins, boasting ecological benefits, low density, and easy accessibility. However, the mechanical behavior of such composites hinges crucially on factors such as fiber mat thickness, nanoTiO2 filler content, and the application of cryogenic treatment. Addressing this complex interplay, this study employs a hand lay-up technique for composite construction, subjecting nanocomposite plates to the challenging liquid nitrogen conditions at 77 K post-manufacture. Recognizing the need for an optimized approach, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Box-Benhken designs is employed to enhance the mixing features of linum usitatissimum polymer composites. The study calculates anticipated mechanical strength values through rigorous ANOVA inferential analysis, uncovering the pivotal roles played by fiber mat thickness, nanofiller content, and cryogenic treatment in the two feature interactions (2FI) model components. The methodology proves robust with high R2 values (0.9670 for tensile, 0.9845 for flexural, and 0.9670 for interlaminar shear strength) consistently aligning with experimental findings. The study culminates in identifying optimized parameters for maximal mechanical properties—300 gsm flax fiber thickness, 5 wt.% nano TiO2 concentration, and a 15-min cryogenic treatment—a result that advances our understanding of fundamental factors influencing composite performance and provides practical guidelines for applications in fields requiring superior mechanical strength in challenging environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T22:56:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c8c934e4bb554956817b8f0f7563b4d4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-8016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T22:56:25Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-c8c934e4bb554956817b8f0f7563b4d42024-03-18T04:55:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Materials2296-80162024-03-011110.3389/fmats.2024.13443511344351Utilization of response surface methodology to optimize the mechanical behaviour of flax/nano TiO2/Epoxy based hybrid composites under liquid nitrogen environmentSheriff F. Mohammed Ajmal0L. Natrayan1Jayant Giri2Emad Makki3Mohd Asif Shah4Saurav Mallik5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Economics, Kebri Dehar University, Kebri Dehar, EthiopiaDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United StatesLinum usitatissimum commonly known as flax fibers, emerges as a promising reinforcement phase for artificial polymer resins, boasting ecological benefits, low density, and easy accessibility. However, the mechanical behavior of such composites hinges crucially on factors such as fiber mat thickness, nanoTiO2 filler content, and the application of cryogenic treatment. Addressing this complex interplay, this study employs a hand lay-up technique for composite construction, subjecting nanocomposite plates to the challenging liquid nitrogen conditions at 77 K post-manufacture. Recognizing the need for an optimized approach, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Box-Benhken designs is employed to enhance the mixing features of linum usitatissimum polymer composites. The study calculates anticipated mechanical strength values through rigorous ANOVA inferential analysis, uncovering the pivotal roles played by fiber mat thickness, nanofiller content, and cryogenic treatment in the two feature interactions (2FI) model components. The methodology proves robust with high R2 values (0.9670 for tensile, 0.9845 for flexural, and 0.9670 for interlaminar shear strength) consistently aligning with experimental findings. The study culminates in identifying optimized parameters for maximal mechanical properties—300 gsm flax fiber thickness, 5 wt.% nano TiO2 concentration, and a 15-min cryogenic treatment—a result that advances our understanding of fundamental factors influencing composite performance and provides practical guidelines for applications in fields requiring superior mechanical strength in challenging environments.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2024.1344351/fullflax fibernanocompositescryogenic treatmenttensile strengthoptimizationTiO2 nano filler |
| spellingShingle | Sheriff F. Mohammed Ajmal L. Natrayan Jayant Giri Emad Makki Mohd Asif Shah Saurav Mallik Utilization of response surface methodology to optimize the mechanical behaviour of flax/nano TiO2/Epoxy based hybrid composites under liquid nitrogen environment Frontiers in Materials flax fiber nanocomposites cryogenic treatment tensile strength optimization TiO2 nano filler |
| title | Utilization of response surface methodology to optimize the mechanical behaviour of flax/nano TiO2/Epoxy based hybrid composites under liquid nitrogen environment |
| title_full | Utilization of response surface methodology to optimize the mechanical behaviour of flax/nano TiO2/Epoxy based hybrid composites under liquid nitrogen environment |
| title_fullStr | Utilization of response surface methodology to optimize the mechanical behaviour of flax/nano TiO2/Epoxy based hybrid composites under liquid nitrogen environment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Utilization of response surface methodology to optimize the mechanical behaviour of flax/nano TiO2/Epoxy based hybrid composites under liquid nitrogen environment |
| title_short | Utilization of response surface methodology to optimize the mechanical behaviour of flax/nano TiO2/Epoxy based hybrid composites under liquid nitrogen environment |
| title_sort | utilization of response surface methodology to optimize the mechanical behaviour of flax nano tio2 epoxy based hybrid composites under liquid nitrogen environment |
| topic | flax fiber nanocomposites cryogenic treatment tensile strength optimization TiO2 nano filler |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2024.1344351/full |
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