Fabrication and Characterization of Plasma Sprayed TiO<sub>2</sub> and Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Materials as All Active Material Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes
Two strategies to increase battery energy density at the cell level are to increase electrode thickness and to reduce the amount of inactive electrode constituents. All active material (AAM) electrodes provide a route to achieve both of those aims toward high areal capacity electrodes. AAM electrode...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Batteries |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/12/598 |
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| author | Dean Yost Jonathan Laurer Kevin Childrey Chen Cai Gary M. Koenig |
| author_facet | Dean Yost Jonathan Laurer Kevin Childrey Chen Cai Gary M. Koenig |
| author_sort | Dean Yost |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Two strategies to increase battery energy density at the cell level are to increase electrode thickness and to reduce the amount of inactive electrode constituents. All active material (AAM) electrodes provide a route to achieve both of those aims toward high areal capacity electrodes. AAM electrodes are often fabricated using hydraulic compression processes followed by thermal treatment; however, additive manufacturing routes could provide opportunities for more time-efficient and geometry-flexible electrode fabrication. One possible route for additive manufacturing of AAM electrodes would be to employ plasma spray as a direct additive manufacturing technology, and AAM electrode fabrication using plasma spray will be the focus of the work herein. TiO<sub>2</sub> and Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (LTO) powders were deposited onto stainless steel substrates via plasma spray processing to produce AAM battery electrodes, and evaluated with regards to material and electrochemical properties. The TiO<sub>2</sub> electrodes delivered low electrochemical capacity, <12 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>, which was attributed to limitations of the initial feed powder. LTO plasma sprayed AAM electrodes had much higher capacity and were comparable in total capacity at a low rate of discharge to composite electrodes fabricated using the same raw powder feed material. LTO material and electrochemical properties were sensitive to the plasma spray conditions, suggesting that tuning the material microstructure and electrochemical properties is possible by controlling the plasma spray deposition parameters. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:00:02Z |
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| id | doaj.art-c8cd2ecf1dc04359a486d9261aa3cc99 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2313-0105 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:00:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| series | Batteries |
| spelling | doaj.art-c8cd2ecf1dc04359a486d9261aa3cc992023-12-22T13:53:29ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052023-12-0191259810.3390/batteries9120598Fabrication and Characterization of Plasma Sprayed TiO<sub>2</sub> and Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Materials as All Active Material Lithium-Ion Battery ElectrodesDean Yost0Jonathan Laurer1Kevin Childrey2Chen Cai3Gary M. Koenig4Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USACommonwealth Center for Advanced Manufacturing, 5520 West Quaker Road, Disputanta, VA 23842, USACommonwealth Center for Advanced Manufacturing, 5520 West Quaker Road, Disputanta, VA 23842, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USATwo strategies to increase battery energy density at the cell level are to increase electrode thickness and to reduce the amount of inactive electrode constituents. All active material (AAM) electrodes provide a route to achieve both of those aims toward high areal capacity electrodes. AAM electrodes are often fabricated using hydraulic compression processes followed by thermal treatment; however, additive manufacturing routes could provide opportunities for more time-efficient and geometry-flexible electrode fabrication. One possible route for additive manufacturing of AAM electrodes would be to employ plasma spray as a direct additive manufacturing technology, and AAM electrode fabrication using plasma spray will be the focus of the work herein. TiO<sub>2</sub> and Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (LTO) powders were deposited onto stainless steel substrates via plasma spray processing to produce AAM battery electrodes, and evaluated with regards to material and electrochemical properties. The TiO<sub>2</sub> electrodes delivered low electrochemical capacity, <12 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>, which was attributed to limitations of the initial feed powder. LTO plasma sprayed AAM electrodes had much higher capacity and were comparable in total capacity at a low rate of discharge to composite electrodes fabricated using the same raw powder feed material. LTO material and electrochemical properties were sensitive to the plasma spray conditions, suggesting that tuning the material microstructure and electrochemical properties is possible by controlling the plasma spray deposition parameters.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/12/598plasma spraythick electrodeadditive manufacturinglithium ion battery |
| spellingShingle | Dean Yost Jonathan Laurer Kevin Childrey Chen Cai Gary M. Koenig Fabrication and Characterization of Plasma Sprayed TiO<sub>2</sub> and Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Materials as All Active Material Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes Batteries plasma spray thick electrode additive manufacturing lithium ion battery |
| title | Fabrication and Characterization of Plasma Sprayed TiO<sub>2</sub> and Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Materials as All Active Material Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes |
| title_full | Fabrication and Characterization of Plasma Sprayed TiO<sub>2</sub> and Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Materials as All Active Material Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes |
| title_fullStr | Fabrication and Characterization of Plasma Sprayed TiO<sub>2</sub> and Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Materials as All Active Material Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fabrication and Characterization of Plasma Sprayed TiO<sub>2</sub> and Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Materials as All Active Material Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes |
| title_short | Fabrication and Characterization of Plasma Sprayed TiO<sub>2</sub> and Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Materials as All Active Material Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes |
| title_sort | fabrication and characterization of plasma sprayed tio sub 2 sub and li sub 4 sub ti sub 5 sub o sub 12 sub materials as all active material lithium ion battery electrodes |
| topic | plasma spray thick electrode additive manufacturing lithium ion battery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/12/598 |
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