Controversies in Podocyte Loss: Death or Detachment?
Glomerular podocytes are characterized by terminally differentiated epithelial cells with limited proliferating ability; thus, podocyte loss could not be fully compensated by podocyte regeneration. A large body of clinical studies collectively demonstrated that podocyte loss correlated with glomerul...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.771931/full |
| _version_ | 1819004599584948224 |
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| author | Lijun Yin Lu Yu Lu Yu John Cijiang He John Cijiang He Anqun Chen |
| author_facet | Lijun Yin Lu Yu Lu Yu John Cijiang He John Cijiang He Anqun Chen |
| author_sort | Lijun Yin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glomerular podocytes are characterized by terminally differentiated epithelial cells with limited proliferating ability; thus, podocyte loss could not be fully compensated by podocyte regeneration. A large body of clinical studies collectively demonstrated that podocyte loss correlated with glomerular diseases progression. Both podocyte death and podocyte detachment lead to podocyte loss; however, which one is the main cause remains controversial. Up to date, multiple mechanisms are involved in podocyte death, including programmed apoptotic cell death (apoptosis and anoikis), programmed nonapoptotic cell death (autophagy, entosis, and podoptosis), immune-related cell death (pyroptosis), and other types of cell death (necroptosis and mitotic catastrophe-related cell death). Apoptosis is considered a common mechanism of podocyte loss; however, most of the data were generated in vitro and the evidence of in vivo podocyte apoptosis is limited. The isolation of podocytes in the urine and subsequent culture of urinary podocytes in vitro suggest that detachment of viable podocytes could be another important mechanism for podocyte loss. In this review, we summarize recent advances that address this controversial topic on the specific circumstances of podocyte loss. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T23:39:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c8ce5e4f1b2e4aa384b9e5f8c7053942 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T23:39:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c8ce5e4f1b2e4aa384b9e5f8c70539422022-12-21T19:23:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2021-11-01910.3389/fcell.2021.771931771931Controversies in Podocyte Loss: Death or Detachment?Lijun Yin0Lu Yu1Lu Yu2John Cijiang He3John Cijiang He4Anqun Chen5Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, ChinaHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Health Sciences, Boston University College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, United StatesDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United StatesRenal Program, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center at Bronx, New York, NY, United StatesHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, ChinaGlomerular podocytes are characterized by terminally differentiated epithelial cells with limited proliferating ability; thus, podocyte loss could not be fully compensated by podocyte regeneration. A large body of clinical studies collectively demonstrated that podocyte loss correlated with glomerular diseases progression. Both podocyte death and podocyte detachment lead to podocyte loss; however, which one is the main cause remains controversial. Up to date, multiple mechanisms are involved in podocyte death, including programmed apoptotic cell death (apoptosis and anoikis), programmed nonapoptotic cell death (autophagy, entosis, and podoptosis), immune-related cell death (pyroptosis), and other types of cell death (necroptosis and mitotic catastrophe-related cell death). Apoptosis is considered a common mechanism of podocyte loss; however, most of the data were generated in vitro and the evidence of in vivo podocyte apoptosis is limited. The isolation of podocytes in the urine and subsequent culture of urinary podocytes in vitro suggest that detachment of viable podocytes could be another important mechanism for podocyte loss. In this review, we summarize recent advances that address this controversial topic on the specific circumstances of podocyte loss.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.771931/fullpodocyte losscell deathdetachmentapoptosisautophagic cell deathmitotic catastrophe |
| spellingShingle | Lijun Yin Lu Yu Lu Yu John Cijiang He John Cijiang He Anqun Chen Controversies in Podocyte Loss: Death or Detachment? Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology podocyte loss cell death detachment apoptosis autophagic cell death mitotic catastrophe |
| title | Controversies in Podocyte Loss: Death or Detachment? |
| title_full | Controversies in Podocyte Loss: Death or Detachment? |
| title_fullStr | Controversies in Podocyte Loss: Death or Detachment? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Controversies in Podocyte Loss: Death or Detachment? |
| title_short | Controversies in Podocyte Loss: Death or Detachment? |
| title_sort | controversies in podocyte loss death or detachment |
| topic | podocyte loss cell death detachment apoptosis autophagic cell death mitotic catastrophe |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.771931/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lijunyin controversiesinpodocytelossdeathordetachment AT luyu controversiesinpodocytelossdeathordetachment AT luyu controversiesinpodocytelossdeathordetachment AT johncijianghe controversiesinpodocytelossdeathordetachment AT johncijianghe controversiesinpodocytelossdeathordetachment AT anqunchen controversiesinpodocytelossdeathordetachment |